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04 Well, I think when we when we're when we're thinking about how how digital media is enforcing our lives and influencing society. I think it's it's very easy to break arguments down and into two different hands. You have digital enthusiasts and opt. Ed who argue that everything is changed everything is different that individuals and in groups are strongly empowered now in an era of digital media. 00:28 On the other hand, you have digital pessimists in internet pessimists who talk about the distractions of the internet and in fact actually the internet makes it easier for those traditionally empower or for social media organization. To market to us influence our lives. But the reality is that the truth is somewhere in between. 00:49 Oftentimes argument arguments and and and pulled together to argue and in in somewhat of a simplistic direction in either way, but the real question should be under what conditions under what situation. So what issues what types of media what types of users does the digital age led to empowerment and civic participation in greater control and greater choice and under what conditions does the internet lead. 01:18 The negative consequences either. Before. This personal level. 01:27 Well, you know, I think as as Clay Shirkey, I think argues quite effectively there's sort of unlimited creative opportunities for. Individuals either in as individual creators of content or in collaboration. He often points to Wikipedia. He argues that if we just if. The world public or Americans just took a fraction of the time that we formally spent with traditional media and we used it at in terms of some type of collective creative process as. 01:58 With the pedia we can transform culture and we can create a new knowledge and in that case. I think he's right. I think Wikipedia is a great example of collective creativity and and kind of knowledge creation that transcends sort of the traditional gatekeepers of knowledge and society whether it was formally the editors and encyclopedias journalists or traditional academics and and researchers. 02:27 So, I think that's that's one example of for sure. On the other hand, They're all sorts of other examples. I think where the digital age continues to distract us, at least that the different types of negative consequences. One of the examples, I'd like to use with my students is I often relate when I was in college at Dartmouth in the early 90s, we went four years basically without ever watching television. 02:53 We had no cable access in our inner rooms and we had very limited access to broadcast station. On today's students, they don't watch physically a TV. They probably spend more time on watching actual traditional television content by way of their laptops than any college generation in. Differently different now about the college experience the amount of time that students are spending online sure they're watching a lot of independently produced video at different places, but most of what they watch are traditional media products simply stream to them by way of their laptops. 03:33 Well I think the negative consequences is that you know that the traditional arguments in the in the criticisms about television in terms of the the portrayals and in entertainment portrayals either of negative stereotypes of the types of time displacement and distraction that happens when when a viewing public might spend on average four hours of TV four hours a day watching TV that time is probably better spent doing other things either reading or outside the physical activity or in terms of social interactions. 04:03 All those all those negative consequences for Many users of online media are amplified today. You have a lot of data and a lot of studies about internet addiction. And if anything the conversations that are happening on Twitter has blogs on Facebook. Most of those conference conversations are in and around and about entertainment content that's produced by traditional media companies.
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