original idea of looking up through the leaves in a forest. It's a mix of domestic and wild vegetation . This is the painting that was created from it. You can see, for example, the chartreuse leaves at the bottom are inspired from my mom's rhododendrons. Next to them,are leaves based on sketches of weeds I took that were growing in the driveway. And some of them I took more liberty with like the purple thistle things. I wanted to see what
you might not actually be able to see an actual ditch anymore but you might be able to tell in terms of the difference of vegetation because even though these were created four to 3 to 4,000 years ago there's still differences in the soil structure and so different plants will prefer to grow in the ditch soil
And it's not just about higher temperatures. What happens when Europe gets hotter is having knock-on effects across the continent. Higher temperatures pull more moisture from soils and vegetation . Land dries out, and rivers and reservoirs lose water, like here in Poland. And when extreme heat, lower water levels, drought, and dry vegetation combine, landscapes burn much easier.
So I'm very honored that you are just jumping right in and learning everything that you can. We also have a vegetation index, which can be implemented at 30 or 10 meter resolution.
Even with modern-day Landsat technology-- let's say in 1980s, 1990s-- with remote sensing coming into fruition, it gave better and better and better images of the vegetation . So here's a Landsat image that shows very neatly the different levels of deforestation between Guatemala and Mexico, the sort of artificial border,
Well, let's try dried seeds. Let's try drying vegetation . Let's try fruits. And so these are just pages from the experiment book where species, after species, after species, he's testing them and trying to see, how long will they float?
Bob Paine also coined another term to describe this sort of relationship, this sort of cascading effect of one species on others, And that might influence vegetation like aspen inside of Yellowstone.
Bob Paine also coined another term to describe this sort of relationship, this sort of cascading effect of one species on others, And that vegetation has a big ripple effect on other species in Yellowstone.
You can see where the snow coverage is at a given time of year. What sort of vegetation is there? It depends on the elevation.
stops the car and we go out and we look at this Paddock here the on the right so as you can see it's almost totally bereft of vegetation now as you know from the news recently Australia has this rather distressing cycle of drought and flood and when I visited the drought had been
like Somalia with baking sun coming down like crazy. There's no vegetation in a lot of these coastlines. It's desert areas. But you can irrigate with salt water, so you can get rid of -- not only some of the fresh water problems with this, but one of the biggest problems farmers have today is, "Is it going
water for salt and the village is half buried in the sand. And there's no vegetation at all because the camels have eaten everything. You go 10 miles away from the village and you would find scrub vegetation but within 10 miles it's all been eaten by camel. Inside of the Empty Quarter of Arabia.
the time there was some storm, some little bit of the coastline and you ripped out, it would go out in the water, nothing would come of it. But maybe every once in a while there would be a Hail Mary play and that raft of vegetation carrying these monkeys and these rodents would reach thousands of miles away and they would have a new shoreline to colonize. And that is what happened and I think it is one of the most incredible stories of evolution. We wouldn't know about it if we didn't have the genetics and the fossils together to tell us that story. After the asteroid hit,
things about where a settlement might be, or varied monumental things like this causeway, this monumental causeway that goes across. And you could see the vegetation differentially growing on it gave us some inkling, but the rest was still a carpet. Here's an example. Here's where my site is on that image.
And we got literally drug through a rain forest. Liberia has a lot of vegetation , and the rainforest is very rich. And so it's like evergreen.
Once we started cooking food, we could consume extraordinary amounts of calories very quickly and very efficiently. Because we weren't shoving pounds of vegetation down our throats, it conceivably allowed us to develop a more delicate, refined vocal anatomy that
And let's see how that surface composition affects climate because putting ice on a planet's surface versus ocean will give a very different climate versus a granite surface versus vegetation versus calcite versus dune sand. And we can do all of those calculations.
Some people have a bounty of healthy fish and vegetation to feed off of, while others may only have small fish, no vegetation , or malnourished fish.
So that releases the carbon that's captured in that vegetation already.
That's a really cool-looking piece of vegetation that's growing.
And all that here are the dense forests and vegetation .
Pokey gets a mixture of different fruits and vegetation .
Now some of those hungry bears may occasionally nibble on some vegetation which is basically like one of us nibbling on a few potato chips and trying to survive on that.
loves fermentation just as dearly as he loves vegetation ." And uh beer is surely
There's no food. All the vegetation is dead.
pig on the beach and he said right behind the beach what kind of vegetation do you see up there and I looked and I
And what you see here is a really stark contrast between the type of vegetation that's there.
and primates. Okay, so how do African rodents and primates get to South America? Well, it seems like the only way is through one of these Hail Mary dispersals where there are some of these mammals, maybe after a storm, maybe they're on a raft of vegetation , sometimes big chunks of the coast, trees and grass and all kinds of stuff can be ripped apart, thrust out into the ocean, and can actually travel the currents for many weeks and then land somewhere in a distant land. And that seems to be how the rodents and the primates got to South America. And it seems inconceivable
And they protect, they cloak the whole soil surface with their vegetation , preserving the soil's architecture and essential structure.
So if I'm the orchestrator in the kitchen, you're waiting on vegetation .
So there are places where people actually want lava to come out occasionally because it burns the vegetation , which means that grass grows,
The livestock will get slowly pushed inside the conservation zone, where the vegetation is better, where there's better food.
and also in the infrared and short-wave infrared, which gives information on the state of vegetation , for example, but also many other parameters.
Once we started cooking food, we could consume extraordinary amounts of calories very quickly and very efficiently. Our gut shrank, because we didn't need to fill it up with massive amounts of vegetation .
Bob Paine also coined another term to describe this sort of relationship, this sort of cascading effect of one species on others, due to the presence of wolves, but a big change in the vegetation .
And just like any other day, enjoying the beautiful underwater vegetation of the Ganges.
And what I'm always looking for is something that is clear, away from the vegetation .
sense of smell and feel. And it was hiding in the vegetation .
Brown bears eat a wide variety of terrestrial foods; they eat berries and various types of vegetation , they eat insects, ground squirrels, and of course they eat fish.
The glaciers grew into ice sheets. And that helped drive the temperature of the entire world to be much cooler. Now, this was a long-term trend then that continued to happen for many tens of millions over hunting, but not just over hunting woolly mammoths, but changing the land, clearing land, clearing vegetation . This is why woolly mammoths and a lot of the other megafauna went extinct. It
soils and vegetation . Land dries out, and rivers and reservoirs lose water, like here in Poland. And when extreme heat, lower water levels, drought, and dry vegetation combine, landscapes burn much easier. So, the droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires we're seeing aren't simply separate crises. A hotter climate is changing the conditions behind all of
As the novel goes on, the condition of Tía Encarna's pink house mirrors their own: becoming vandalized, choked by vegetation , and falling into disrepair.
So these would be things like forests, grasslands, so-called blue carbon, all the amazing aquatic vegetation on our planet, wetlands, peatlands.
These very models were used to show that, yes, it's us, and it's only us, that's doing that. There's a natural cyclical process, cyclical change, in CO2 that happens because of vegetation . There's natural wiggles. And David Keeling revealed those back in the-- I think it was the '60s.
When you walk outside and you see the trees, the leaves, you see vegetation everywhere, do they
top. This is what it looks like. Now, what you can then do once we get these data is categorize these points to be able to say, oh, this is vegetation of different levels, of different heights. So here are the trees at different elevations-- 0 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 40.
Then let me ask you another question a little bit in the past. You've written and spoken about in the past what an incredible experience it was, finding thousands of structures in the middle of dense vegetation that were previously undiscovered.
It's quite incredible. So first of all, you're knocking down the native vegetation and, generally speaking, burning it, because that's the quickest way of flattening the Earth.
But actually, we've had this technology-- well, it's existed long before we did in the form of healthy vegetation and biodiversity.
And in its place, replace it with one of the best solutions that we have-- healthy, biodiversity, vegetation .