How to pronounce“tupua”in English

word introduced by European missionaries, “whakapono,” which means “faith” or “trust.” Likewise, English has no direct equivalent to Te Awa Tupua, a Māori term that describes the whole

Still, there are a few common themes across many Indigenous cultures’ traditions, which can help us understand the Māori concept of Te Awa Tupua, and how a river can be viewed as a person.