And he said to me, the internet's about routing money. Routing packets is a side effect, and you screwed up the money routing protocols.And I said, I didn't design any money routing protocols.
And even worse, because these railroads, they all had their own proprietary networks-- a rail belonged to one company and didn't belong to another company-- you got some absurd routing scenarios.So here's an example where somebody was shipping freight.
The certificate authority system is insecure. The routing protocol BGP is insecure. And you might say, why is this?
So with domain fronting, basically you can trick websites, websites/CDNs, into routing things to places that they weren't intended to be routed . So I'm just going to show you a quick example of doing this over cURL.
I don't think that we have done a very, very good job in the R & D community of developing distributed algorithms. There are some. The routing algorithms are an example. Their stability is sometimes in question. We do a lot of distributed computation, but it's more like parallel stuff; right?
And it's the fact that you can stretch a game to those limits that is really exciting to a lot of people. Next up is routing . And this is where you put all of that information, all of that extra work and investigative knowledge, to use.
Or at least back then, the reflexive thing to do is to make it a hierarchy. So we made routing into a hierarchy. We had the exterior gateway protocol, which today is BGP.
It gives you retransmission. that the routing would have to be quite different, because we're talking about money after all.
own range of applications, that investing in good-quality identity and authentication is really important, because that's the only way we will convince people that it's okay Should the routing tables be able to route not to a box, but to something inside that might move around? Well, I don't have an answer to you.
The other area is, How do you actually develop IT itself to be more energy efficient? How do we build routing switching, data center products to be much more energy efficient? So we focused on both those areas. And lastly, Virtualization and Cloud Computing, How does that change compute, right? But a prerequisite for all this is broadband
i.e, every single parameter or neuron is activated as you're going through the model for every single token you generate. because all of the tokens are just routing to that.
I want to come back to a couple other aspects of security, because I've been thinking about it a lot. How do you build a routing protocol that can route to a few billion things, as opposed to the internet today, which is routing
They look at the destination on the packet. They compare it to their routing table, and then they forward that packet towards that destination. Whenever you look at any kind of blockchain presentation, there's a pretty good chance you'll see some kind of graphic that has nodes connected
On the other hand, we do have this existence proof of a global decentralized system that works really well without any kind of centralized control. And that is inter-domain routing on the internet. The internet is this giant global network.
idea of Green being sort of taking lean manufacturing to new heights, putting lean on steroids. It’s about sort of routing out waste in all forms and sort of identifying waste that you might not otherwise see and one of the secret weapons for anybody in Green manufacturing, sort of like the pizza party at Yale, is to tap into the talent and the expertise of line employees. One of the things that General Electric does is they have these treasure
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You take that knowledge. And you apply it once you get to routing , where you actually make the decisions. You want to come up with, here's my path.
Some people think that the problem is attack on the interexchange of packets or the exchange of packets across an exchange. Some people think it's the injection of false routing , and they disagree about what the thing is. The second problem is the people who suffer are not the people who would have to pay.
Now, we are second only to the United States. Tor, the anonymous routing browser? Yes, this famous VPN which is provided for free.
So that's the promise. John Chambers from Cisco was there talking about the global routing questions that are going to be involved.
about a fto second um and uh and it turned out that uh lanes a little bit I'm just think how bad the routing is what I'm just thinking about how bad the routing is
Vint Cerf: If you fast forward a few years, you see an Internet that looks like this. This was generated automatically by looking at the global routing tables and assigning a different color to each autonomous system and showing something about the connectivity. This is Bill Cheswick, formerly of AT&T Labs, generated this.
the awkward problem that it's possible to lie about what you're connected to. And if you want to avoid having -- introducing lies into the routing tables, one way to do that is to have tables that show which entities, which autonomous systems are allowed to announce what connectivity they have. If it turns out that you received a routing update which isn't confirmed by a digitally signed entry in a table that should be publicly
i.e, every single parameter or neuron is activated as you're going through the model for every single token you generate. And one of the innovations in DeepSeek's architecture is that they change the routing mechanism in mixture of expert models.
So they had to hide their pregnancies because they would get fired at the moment that their pregnancy became apparent. they have a four-second delay because of the way the satellite routing is.
It's another example of, why should I pay a lot of money to save him money? If Comcast puts a whole lot of money into making sure that their routing is perfect, do they make any more money?
It gives you retransmission. And so we can do exactly what BGP does in terms of routing by shortest path first, and then using other metrics to tiebreak
So the big difference here is that when you have a Byzantine failure, the failed node, it can actually change its vote. And one of your quorum slices is vaguely analogous to in the inter-domain routing setting of two ISPs deciding to peer.
at all time. And wiring it and routing it through clothing, I filed for a patent and I got the patent, reissued the patent.
If Google wanted to map the world, they need a better routing algorithm.
And customizable contraction hierarchies is just one variation, and there are even more routing algorithms that we haven't covered.
i.e, every single parameter or neuron is activated as you're going through the model for every single token you generate. And then, they also go through some that are selected by this routing mechanism.
single, "Porcelain," and then the EP that follows, and routing a tour for next year.
but he does work for Google. And he said to me, the internet's about routing money. Routing packets is a side effect, and you screwed up the money routing protocols.
Routing packets is a side effect, and you screwed up the money routing protocols.And I said, I didn't design any money routing protocols. And he said, that's what I said.
Well, you need to have a centralized server for routing the calls.
But they can do great things, just like solving problems of routing and ventilation and construction and transportation because they can put information in their environments.
Mm, OK. What's the routing ?
And if you want to avoid having -- introducing lies into the routing tables, one way to do that is to have tables that show which entities, which autonomous systems are allowed to announce what connectivity they have. If it turns out that you received a routing update which isn't confirmed by a digitally signed entry in a table that should be publicly available, you might discard that particular update and maybe even raise a red flag and say somebody is trying to spoof the system into directing traffic where it doesn't belong.
While we don't know exactly what Google maps, Apple maps, or any of these big routing applications actually use under the hood,
i.e, every single parameter or neuron is activated as you're going through the model for every single token you generate. So, we don't know the exact extent that the DeepSeek MoE change, which is instead of doing an auxiliary loss, they have an extra parameter in their routing ,
Fast forward today, and we are still living with the results of that in the domain name system, in routing , in packet security, email addresses.
So in that way, it's a lot like TCP/IP. Now, you might say, OK, so you're routing these packets, but how does actual money really move? So the way that that works is that once you have a path and you're sending these packets, each link is responsible for its own settlement.
It gives you retransmission. Now, the Interledger layer is an interesting one, because that's where all the routing happens.
huge impacts for many, many elements for climate parameters, but also ship routing , for example.
So yeah. We thought one of the things that we really enjoyed was the meta-joke of the routing back to the beginning.
And it'll take proxies out of rotation if they don't work. So that makes me wonder if in these binding to proxies, in the random-walks, and so on, there's some kind of optimized routing you're trying to do?
own range of applications, that investing in good-quality identity and authentication is really important, because that's the only way we will convince people that it's okay authentic trust between the two parties if you're going to allow this kind of dynamics to happen. We don't do a very good job of routing in
own range of applications, that investing in good-quality identity and authentication is really important, because that's the only way we will convince people that it's okay general. But more importantly, in the mobile world, if topologies are changing, getting an routing algorithm that works, when the topology keeps
We're also working on making buildings smarter by connecting HVAC systems with IP networks, so that you can bring those things onto a same platform. We acquired a company called Richards-Zeta that has middleware capabilities that allows us to do that, and we are bringing more intelligence from the switching and routing into interconnecting the HVAC onto a single platform that can be managed through software.