How to pronounce“electron withdrawing”in English

Electron withdrawing groups usually direct new groups to the meta position and electron donating groups direct new groups to the ortho and para positions.

Electron withdrawing groups draw electrons towards themselves.

Electron withdrawing groups, on the other hand, deactivate the ring, making it less susceptible to reaction than plain benzene.

And our electron withdrawing sulfonic acid is a meta director and reinforces the positioning – so this is our product!

Remember from episode 38, electron withdrawing groups can pull electron density away from our benzene ring, making it less reactive in EAS reactions than plain benzene.

Also, electron withdrawing groups tell the incoming group to park at the meta position.

So it looks like a nitrile is an electron withdrawing group.