The glaciers grew into ice sheets. And that helped drive the temperature of the entire world to be much cooler. Now, this was a long-term trend then that continued to happen for many tens of millions archaeological sites where there are charred demon duck eggs sadly, probably why they went extinct, but they were some of the heaviest birds of all time joined with another group. There's like a
They exaggerated it. It was a big deal for them, so they said it happened to the whole world. And I'm sick of archaeologists saying that. This is the memory banks of our species. This is the record the only record we have of a period before 6,000 years ago. And we shouldn't despise it and scorn it as primitive superstition. We should say
There are ancient maps that show the world as it looked during the ice age again dismissed as just total coincidence and not significant by archaeology. I feel that archaeology has failed miserably in providing a nurturing satisfying answer to the questions we all have.
It was getting better. And that's when this project was was created. And the mystery is mystery for for archaeologists anyway is that it was hunter-gatherers. And archaeologists are now having to come to terms with that. You see, the idea was you had to have an agricultural community first in order to create projects like this
And I'll move to the second task of hole filling. Archaeological artifacts often contain holes of missing geometry, which are not necessarily a result of the scanning process, but they come from the source objects themselves as you see here.
This may well be his blood brother. archaeologically and historically. But when they've worked out all the early stuff, they'll no doubt move into looking at these later.
Christianity has played on how I relate archaeologists were people writing down ancient stories while in Exile from
so we threw that away and we carried on looking for the gold oh heads in hands because that is for a modern archaeologist the treasure that was the burial that's the thing that we can now learn so much from so the ones that have strange divots in the top they've been excavated and some
an Ordinance survey map if you see that Gothic type face that tumulus was written in then it indicates it's an archaeological feature that someone has gone along surveyed it and said yes this is a thing it's not just a mound because a farmer wanted to put a silo on top or someone was digging sand and that's the quaring remains if it says it in Gothic
called rudston is because of this Stone the original name was rude Stone rude archaeology now is in non-destructive techniques so G ground penetrating radar
failed or they they decline because Prosperity comes from these trade networks this is actually image of what archaeologists reconstructed of Aro which is the world's first city um so they were uh two three approximately three stories tall but tall stories and they were magnificent places with
today to tell these stories accurately I explored important new scholarship so archaeological discoveries uh advances in our understandings of Sanskrit science uh and and and also Phil philosophy um newly recovered documents
Since the 1970s, when the magnificent tomb of Alexander the Great's father, Philip II, was excavated in Macedonia, archaeologists have wondered about the identity of the mysterious second person, another person's remains, buried in other golden casket next to Philip's. You see the two caskets here.
They could be buried alone, along with other warrior women, or with male warriors, they were always buried as equals. Archaeology shows that the Scythian women were laid to rest with the same honors as the men. There was evidence of large funeral feasts by the mourners, lots of sacrificed horses, the women like the men were buried with tools, weapons,
What happened was even the biggest bones were substantially dissolved. archaeologists because there are an awful lot of papers that have been published for decades interpreting collections of bones.
That paper was later published in a peer reviewed scientific journal from Europe, "The Journal of Iberian Archaeology." A case that's always fascinated me has been the California gold mine discoveries. Gold was discovered in California.
And I will say that this book, Shaman, is one that I consider to be science fiction, because without the science of archaeology, we wouldn't know what I'm writing about here. So I'm going to read two brief passages, and these are specifically chosen for Google.
Well, the archaeologists in the field saw the results of this pillage not just in the classical world but also all across Latin America, across Asia, across the Middle East; archaeological sites were being devastated by the looting. There was a huge demand for these objects and it had created a huge problem with plunder.
And actually, I grew up hearing this in my own church whereby they would say, "Okay, in Jesus' time, he drank unfermented wine." They had no scientific basis for that -- nor archaeological or biblical basis for it. But it was simply just taken on faith that Jesus didn't drink, even though wine is written in every single chapter of the Bible other than the book of Jonah. And certainly there was a lot of evidence around Jesus that, in fact, he did drink. He turned water into wine at the party at
that of stories from around the world. Uh archaeologists pour scorn on Plato's story of Atlantis. Uh but Atlantis is another of those stories that remembers a global flood that wiped out a former era of existence leaving only a few survivors. And the archaeological
to the understory, and then, if we're lucky, to the ground surface. And archaeologists are interested in that final phase, in the last 3% to 5% which hit the ground. Because what it allows us to do is see the ground as it's formed.
And so this became part of the cost of research. And archaeologists were writing, even in their own publications, the green hell, beautiful as it might be, was still what was stopping us. So this is what all of us of a certain age who did this were dealing with.
Now, here's this image that I've shown before and as I promised I would reference. So archaeology isn't something that you would encounter in that urban environment.
from archaeology to contemporary, there is different-- more material to show, by definition.
Snow leopards, and deer, and things like that. And archaeology is enormous fun, I hasten to add. And when I was in St. Petersburg, in the museum meeting my colleague who had actually excavated this, Russian archaeologist
And archaeologists are constantly asking these questions, and that's why I think it does have so much relevance for us.
of archaeological sites around the world.
So archaeologists, at our core, we're storytellers.
of archaeology. But here-- does this work?
So archaeological excavation, every single experiment is unique.
of battle scarred women buried with their weapons, and more being found every year. And archaeologists are now going back to previously discovered male warriors to see whether those might be women. The biggest concentration of warrior women's burials are in Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, southern Russia, the Caucasus, and Kazakhstan, the very places
your own sexual partners, chasing game, and killing enemies. So archaeology, as I mentioned, is shedding new light on the ancient Greek narratives and the artistic representations of Amazons, showing how some details in ancient Greek literature and art that were once dismissed as fantasy or just overlooked altogether, now
And subsequently, I've presented papers on my work at many other meetings of the World Archaeological Congress, and also meetings of the European Association of Archaeologists. And the reason I'm mentioning this is just to show that the kinds of things I'm saying are part of the scientific discourse
They were found in a formation that is at least 780,000 years old and is perhaps up to a million years old. The archaeologist who studied the footprints published results suggesting they are consistent with anatomically modern human footprints.
According to the report, above the skeleton was a thick layer of slate rock that was unbroken. within archaeology about the epistemology of the discipline.
for archaeological decipherment that these people didn't have.
And archaeological evidence survives.
This is Griffins Attacking a Fallen Doe, a fabulous, enormous sculpture, you can see that it still has traces of its original paint. The archaeologists in the crowd know that what we think of as these beautiful white marbles in their day were actually vividly painted with bright colors and so very little of that paint has survived antiquity.
of that paint has survived antiquity. of archaeological sites could be harnessed to track looting and kind of monitor archaeological sites at risk, but they can't quite get a handle on how to get the most recent updates.
at any rate read. Go back 10, 12, 15, 20,000 years, all you can base it on from an archaeological point of view is what they can dig out of the ground. And I think what they're missing, the ancients did leave us memories of what they went through. We have myths and
And this notion of trying to get above the trees, or getting to see through the trees, was something that was appreciated a hundred years ago by the earliest Maya archaeologists. Back in the 1920s, in the Roaring Twenties, even Charles Lindbergh, after his famous jump across the Atlantic, tried to put his hand into this
What excited the archaeologists was that they were now able to date the Ark ages from the 4th century to the 5th century.
Now, we would like to take the same square parts of natural images, but add other requirements, the requirements that suit archaeology. And after that, we can actually take images of real artifacts. And finally, we can go to solve the problem in 3D.
They never interviewed us. They interviewed archaeologists to explain how important this thing is and so on and so forth. But we put images from our papers.
The third idea was, of course, to come with a good dissimilarity measure, a dissimilarity measure that suits the specific domain of archaeology where you know that on one hand you do not have many colors. But on the other hand, the same color does not look the same when you have abrasion where the length of connectivity differs and so on.
And the question is, how to complete these holes? This is what archaeologists are doing. I said they invite an artist.
This may well be his blood brother. And then the archaeologists were arrested by Stalin and put in jail.
And I think what archaeology shows us first and foremost is that we exist as the distillation of the hundreds,
And what archaeology does is it celebrates the diversity of cultures around the world.
So you mentioned that archaeology can be a mirror.