ones we have to vaccinate against or we have to have some um preliminary medicine or caution because they can cause some quite heavy infections. Some bacteria turn into bad bacteria . Well, because of us, because we're doing something. And this is a rather like new finding, too, because we now have allthese great ways to um analyze bacteria sitting on all kinds of surfaces of the human host. And we see that actually quite a few people have throat uh
initially for example humans would say all bacteria are bad because they found them in you know diseases and then they said oh they cause tuberculosis. So bacteria in general must be horrible. And then there was a time where even surgeons would cut out a whole large intestine because they found bacteria init and people had some troubles with them. And that was of course horrible.
uh that had a nucleus and and was was fermenting through the cytoplasm. And this bacteria , which is the mitochondria, came in. And now you have two different forms of energy. You have um the energyin the cytoplasm, the ancient fermentation, and then you have this new form, which can take in oxygen and generate energy much, much more
were fermenters. They They produced energy without oxygen because there was no oxygen. We had to wait for those bacteria to make oxygen through a photosynthetic process. But all organisms were fermenters in the beginning.After this organelle came in and was able to take in oxygen, make energy really, really quick. But in that matrix, they have
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Because we produce fertilizer using an old technique from 1909. Bacteria can accomplish the same goal much more efficiently.But those bacteria use a molecule called nitrogenase that's too complicated for us to simulate on classical computers.
So Iain, there's not one answer, unfortunately, but let me make this point. Bacteria do the same exact thing.
We talk about it and then we realize what could be done to make it better. bacteria is going to start getting in there and then you're asking for trouble.
Of course, here there are global risks from just harmful action if you consider synthetic biology, the possibility to create, artificially create, bacteria or viruses that could cause pandemics, so that that's certainly a risk.But then some risk also could sort of stem from our omission, our failure, to advance certain technologies.
And you see them in the middle here of the cleaning cycle and someone back off about 20 or 30 meters who is recording the data Bacteria were much more diverse compared to the archaea, the extremophiles.
ganache a chocolate that does have a shorter shelf life um you don't want to incorporate air that gives um space for bacteria and things like that to grow so we try to keep that down to a minimum as possible so you can see it kind of brokelike it's not as shiny um it doesn't look very even at the moment you can kind of see that around the outside and
birds and everything else everything else except for bacteria and some other protests sothis huge colorful fan out is all the
reasons that the trees have and consider but they do lots of things for reasons fungi do things for reasons bacteria do things for reasons the biotic world is saturated with Reasonsfrom the molecular scale on up there are reasons
like the first year this was like four years ago and I'm wearing these like big construction glasses and my wife she bacteria that communicate with these um the cells that produce these hormones
they eat substances that they lack the ability to digest on their own the bacteria in their bodies which housed in their guts which have been enlarged into these gigantic fermentation Chambers andthose microbes provide them with something like 70% % of their energy budget again if you somehow destroyed
microbes entered the guts of people hundreds of years ago they met gut microbes and they did a thing that bacteria do all the time but that is extraordinary to us they swapped genesso you and I can only TR pass genetic material down from parent to child but
so you and I can only TR pass genetic material down from parent to child but bacteria can do this between individuals horizontally rather than vertically they can side it up to each other andexchange DNA as easily as you or I might exchange phone numbers or gifts or ideas and that's what they did so the Marine
And this is one reason why we have an increasing problem with virulent forms of E. coli. bacteria . But today, all of that blue part of that pie chart is commercial use of antibiotics.
These are big superhighways of the brain that connect Wernicke's and Broca's area. Bacteria is another potential source of the infection.
So this is the human brain right here. Bacteria is another potential source of the infection.
Bacteria do not age.
Bacteria , of course, are very important for trees, because they help with all kinds of things like nitrogen uptake and other processes.
Bacteria can exist a lot longer, but we're not talking about bacteria .
bacteria or mold growing on it.
Bacteria , we're fighting with bacteria and viruses at all times, in fact, there are hand sanitizers which we are using to kill bacteria at all times.
bacteria , half the population produces no methane. This makes them attractive as astronauts.
bacterial plate, if it changed the bacteria it was likely to cause cancer.
make out its silhouette this squid has an invisibility cloak created by bacterial light more sinisterly these little white worms kill insects by vomiting toxic bacteria into their bodies this bird the hoop paints its
can try and Target that bit the conversion from Chine to TMA in the first place and that is done by bacterial enzymes rather than human ones and there are drugs like one called DMB that can knock those enzymes out and therefore shut that pathway down now you'll probably have heard of statins
bacterial life on the surface of Mars.
bacterial ancestor three billion years ago to all the different kinds of animal and plant that we see today.
and by doing that the cells will then you know spread a little bit and let all the liquids through so diarrhea can happen. Um but this is just used by these bacteria to get in this area of in between gut cells. And so they're using something our body actually does to protect us, but to their own advantage and completely unregulated. This is usually horrible diarrhea with like ounces and ounces of liquids coming out compared to normal diarrhea where after
So bacteria to where we are now.
Okay, so in this mitochondria here that I have in front of me, there is an ancient um because this came from a bacteria . a fusion of bacterias a long, long time ago. Yeah. That old bacteria about several billion years ago.
bad bacteria that can grow and create uh inflammation. It causes bladder pain, pain with urination. It feels like razor
So bacteria that find themselves in low nutrients in a situation, they detect that and then start swimming in some random direction.
of bacteria . And some are good bacteria and help you thrive, and some are bad bacteria and contribute to the development of disease.
Those bacteria and enzymes that break food down are not what make people sick.
That bacteria continues to harbor.
So bacteria with identical 16S gene sequences could have up to, like, 20% to 30% of their genome be different.
that bacteria which is one of the oldest on the planet it actually was in the fossil record from the time that the
represents everything that exists it is a master family tree of life on Earth studying bacteria in insect bodies suddenly realized that they were all studying the same thing which was this thing this is found in something like
of bacteria that can then produce the biomaterials, biocompounds, and everything that the astronauts will need for their mission.
Having bacteria on your hands is a good thing.
And bacteria is probably the biggest group and make up the largest amount of biomass on the planet.
But bacteria are obviously bigger.
So bacteria can be involved in a lot of processes that create life for the bacteria , but then destroy habitats for other creatures in them.
The bacteria that are there, we don't really know.
of bacteria that lives in our intestine.
from bacterias that just got into us and became part of us.