How to pronounce“anhydrides”in English

For anhydrides, esters, and amides, resonance effects make them increasingly less reactive – in that order.

The easiest way to convert them into anhydrides, the second most reactive derivative, is to react them with a carboxylic acid salt.

We can also make mixed anhydrides, where the two groups attached to the carbonyl carbons are different.

It’s a similar story for converting anhydrides to amides: two equivalents of ammonia or an amine.

And we’ll add two more examples of carboxylic acid derivatives in this episode: anhydrides and amides.

We’ve met four carboxylic acid derivatives in the past few episodes: acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides.