All right, what makes it even better is that very recently, we had the high suspicion that there is a subsurface ocean on Titan.So you've heard about the potential subsurface ocean on Europa.
There's detailed features for different parts of faces. There's subsurface scattering because we think of humans as opaque. But really our skin is, we light travels through it.
That's one of the US instruments from Alan Stern and SWRI. from that subsurface ocean, they may already be broken down from the harsh radiation environment.
Right? So we're looking for that sweet spot-- again, for life as we know it and life that's remotely detectable, not lurking in some subsurface cave. So here's where the Kepler Mission comes into play.
And the depiction of the industry in Lukrum Industries is really incredibly spot on-- in the way it's written, And he wants to drill subsurface to look for life.
So that's pushing in the very hot direction. There are things in the subsurface of Earth that are unsuspected in the surface. And so it's almost like going to another planet every time you go into one of these extraordinary environments.
on the satellites of Enceladus and Europa. It could be lurking on subsurface Mars someplace-- maybe in a subsurface cave, or some niche on Mars. Maybe we will go to Mars and we won't find life-- maybe we'll find death in the form of fossils.
subsurface ocean on Titan.So you've heard about the potential subsurface ocean on Europa. You've heard about the pressure water on Enceladus, and a number of icy bodies in the outer solar system.
That's one of the US instruments from Alan Stern and SWRI. So this CO2 and H2O is being liberated subsurface and escaping through this extremely porous comet.
Well, it's an interesting question. Because well, in the subsurface it's probably, most likely methane, I'd say. But it will have to have some ethane components as well, because we see that in the surface bodies at the surface of Titan.
some of our more photogenic examples-- that try to look at the most extreme physical and chemical conditions that we can find on our planet in an environment in the subsurface where photosynthesis is not possible. So our focus has always been on the microorganisms that make their living not off organic materials, but off inorganic materials.
there um we reckon we anticipate that we we sort of hit something for the eac the east australian current which runs up the side here and also there's some quite a lot of subsurface hills which sort of causing eddies we reckon um this is called the west you know the westerly zone because the wind blows
Eventually, carbon dioxide and water trapped within deep pockets of magma explode into powerful kimberlite eruptions. Molten rock shoots upward, blasting out carrot-shaped “pipes” through the subsurface . And the violent flow rips up chunks of deep rock that— if you're lucky— are studded with diamonds.
Two of them are symbolized here through these images. So on the left, we've got an image of the geysers erupting from the subsurface of Enceladus, one of the outer moons in the solar system, and so it represents our search for life in the solar system.
great for him because i'm nervous but i wouldn't want him yes that's right yeah well it certainly will be um olive we've got about eight cameras on the boat um two subsurface uh the rest on top so sort of pov cameras which are you can use like this we're sending stuff back from the boat
So why am I talking to you about this, other than that I'm working at NASA currently? I have spent most of my career working in extreme environments, and for the past 25 years or so, I have focused primarily on the subsurface and natural caves and mines.
And I show this thing that looks like a broken mesh stocking. And we have found these kinds of structures literally all over the world, in every kind of geochemistry and every kind of temperature in caves in the subsurface . And after 28 years of working on this, we still don't know what they are.
There's plenty of water down there. Recently, there was indications of a plume of water vapor ejecting from the surface of the planet that could be linked to the subsurface ocean. Although that hasn't been demonstrated or validated yet.
That's one of the US instruments from Alan Stern and SWRI. And it turns out, what happens is, as the comet heats up and this photoionization and everything happens, it's actually happening some of it subsurface .
and so it represents our search for life in the solar system. Right now, we have no indication that there is other life in the solar system, but it could be lurking in this subsurface ocean on the satellites of Enceladus and Europa.
If you have to, in emergency mode, you can be in there for 72 hours. That's very interesting. Please sample that for me and collect the tips, the middle, and the subsurface , and that will be interesting
What is the methane cycle? And if you have somewhere a sink of methane, if there is really an ocean in the subsurface of Titan, then you have a mechanism now to have this cycle that we are talking about.