And we think that that is the theory of everything, that everything we see around us is nothing but vibrations of tiny strings. Each subatomic particle is a note on a vibrating string. What is physics? Physics is the harmonies we can write on vibrating strings.
And Schrodinger-- here he is-- said, this is ridiculous. Maybe subatomic particles can be in more than one place at once, but cats are definitely not both dead and alive until we open the box. That just can't be right.
So spiraling a little bit more, getting a little bit more detailed, usually in a laboratory, the objects that are being connected are subatomic particles. They don't have to be, by the way, particles are easy to manipulate and the principles that govern them are quite pure. They're not confounded by the complexity of the system, for example.
And he's published a big catalog. Is it subatomic particles or-- I'm just not that familiar with the theory.
And the physicist David Bohm would agree with this, that if you sort of break it all down and you went into subatomic physics-- in the early days it was subatomic physics-- and if we get down to that level, then the inside of my skin and the outside of my skin-- it doesn't look any different. So we can kind of get down to a common denominator.
And this is exactly what inflation says our universe did. It started-- tiny subatomic speck of stuff, doubled, doubled, doubled. And when it was about 5 centimeters, the doubling stopped.
But we can't keep families safe in the inner cities. We can map subatomic particles such as gluons. We can design robots that drive cars and respond to speech and defeat grandmasters in chess.
There is a supermassive black hole in the center of that galaxy, Perseus A, and it's doing what all the others tend to do when they get fed, it's shooting out jets of material and great clouds of subatomic particles. Except in this case cause it's inside the structure.
So it's way, way back pretty much at the dawn of formation of evolution of galaxies. of these sort of subatomic particle acceleration black holes are so good at and we saw this.
So it's way, way back pretty much at the dawn of formation of evolution of galaxies. type of subatomic particle, that's what it all comes down to, it's a string that's so excited that its mass is 10 billion times the mass of the sun.
This is the repre- But the other 40 to 50 hours per week, I spent making videos on this channel, and I didn't do it for the money. Gives mass to the other subatomic part- I don't think anyone who started at that time did, because there was basically no money to be made. In my first year working full time, I made $840.
This would be an electron. This would be a neutron. This would be a neutrino. That's why we have so many subatomic particles. Okay. So to to simplify this in a way that I understand, you're saying that at the very base layer, particles are the
Quantum physics is a queer theory, in the sense that, whereas Newtonian physics is looking for fixed, universal formulae and principles, quantum physics is looking at subatomic particles, which actually defy what we observe in the universe. And actually the same particle can be in multiple places at the same time.
Everywhere is impacted by human activities. And do we need to go to subatomic particles?
So it's way, way back pretty much at the dawn of formation of evolution of galaxies. It just evaporated back to constituent subatomic bits.
it got the mass and the magnetic moment of the electron. We now know that there's a corresponding antiparticle for every subatomic particle, with the same mass, but opposite charge.
and you measure how long it takes for light to get to your detector, and by God, it's the speed of light, which it should be. However, sometimes in these collisions, some of these subatomic particles you make are coming out at very high speed. They might be coming out at ninety-five or ninety-seven or very large fraction of the speed of light, and then they decay into photons. And so you measure how long it takes for the
And that's particularly important nowadays when you need to do structural analysis of how receptors fit into molecules, and also, in the case of penicillin, creating and you bombard them with one of the subatomic particles, a neutron, you get two fragments breaking away,
Any attempt to visualize the behavior of the microscopic subatomic entities makes a mockery of our intuition.
We can categorize them. We can give them names and that gives us a quote a theory of everything. So we have what is called the standard model which explains all the subatomic particles other than gravity. And it and we create these particles with their atom smashers which is the big machines where they fire atoms at each other in in Geneva
could be made of elementary particles, that is subatomic particles completely different from the particles that make ordinary matter, like atoms, and molecules, and so
Just like in quantum physics, where subatomic particles of both particular and wave-like at the same time, depending upon the observation,
in atomic physics that were overthrowing all of these classical assumptions. First of all, they noticed that when looking at the energy levels of subatomic particles, like electrons, they weren't continuous at all, they were discrete. And they also didn't just behave as particles, but as waves.
how can it be true that the electroweak force is real and electromagnetism and the weak force act so differently? The way that could happen is if these forces were transmitted by a particle moving from one subatomic particle to the other. In the case of electromagnetism, it's the photon.
an electron. If it vibrates in this way, we call it a proton. So, why do we have so many subatomic particles? How many of them are there? Hundreds. We've seen hundreds of subatomic particles. And how could mother nature be so malicious to create a universe at the fundamental level based on hundreds of different
What happens in this case is a neutron-- that's what the n is, a small subatomic particle with no electric charge-- comes in and hits an isotope of uranium,
In particular, it was about the nature of light and subatomic bits of matter such as electrons.
It's in multiple places at once. And we don't see markers in more than one place at once, but maybe subatomic particles, maybe atoms and molecules can perform that kind of trick. But if we concede that, if we say, yeah, that's definitely what's going on, then we run into the most famous version of the measurement
And what's interesting is actually there are many different ones. Not just the one Einstein originally worried about, about subatomic particles. There's also a lot of different kinds of locality having to do with black holes.
The Temples of Astera take inspiration from the natural harmonics of nature herself, from the subatomic to the cosmic,
So matter falling into black holes doesn't go quietly. That energy that it can produce in the form of light, in the form of subatomic particles cause you're tearing stuff apart and accelerating it, spews back out into the universe. So a more realistic look at what happens as you fall towards a black hole is represented in this short movie.
So it's way, way back pretty much at the dawn of formation of evolution of galaxies. String theory kind of gives a sort of elegant answer to that which is eventually you're just left with a normal subatomic particle.
you the story. It's like having a whole bunch of LEGOs, but not knowing how to put them together. You also need to know how they interact, how they work, and so that's why we study forces. So there are the various subatomic forces of which we're familiar and for instance, electricity and magnetism are components of electromagnetism, which then governs the behavior of things like-- This is amazing. Electromagnetism
Now, there is a-- for those people, for your viewers who wanna say, "Well, how do you measure that the speed of light is the same for everyone?" The particle physicists do this, and the way you do this is the following: There are some subatomic particles that when they decay, they emit light. That's their decay product. And so you collide two things together so you know when the particle was created, then you have surrounded your collision point by a detector,
Since the Higgs field is zero, the weak force particles don't feel mass, and therefore, they can travel at the speed of light, just like the blasé that we can say, "Oh, yeah, yeah, we're making a billion subatomic particles every second," but who cares because, you know? But that's just the way of,
That's right. Everything is basically a vibrating string. So when the string vibrates in this direction, we call it an electron. If it vibrates in this way, we call it a proton. So, why do we have so many subatomic particles? How many of them are there? Hundreds. We've seen hundreds of subatomic particles. And how
We used to think there was an electron, a proton, and neutron. And that's it. That's it. Period. Nope. We've seen pimezones. We've seen lambda particles, omega particles, hundreds of subatomic particles. Why do we build atom smashers outside Chicago, outside Geneva? huge
Depending on the layout of the atoms, you'll get a pattern that reflects back onto the X-ray paper. And from that, you can draw up an electron density map, electrons being one of the subatomic particles of any particular element. And by a process that's called fitting here, which I think is an unfortunate term, but what it really means is that you--
Once upon a time, there was a group of phenomenally talented physicists working in a loose team in the first quarter of the 20th century to try to understand what was going on in the world of the ultra tiny, the world of atoms and subatomic particles. Now this team didn't have a leader per se, but they had a kind of spiritual guide in their quest.
Neutrinos are a really strange, mysterious particle, sometimes called a subatomic particle.
Let's say that we are all from one source, that everything is created from one source. And the physicist David Bohm would agree with this, that if you sort of break it all down and you went into subatomic physics-- in the early days it was subatomic physics-- and if we get down to that level, then the inside of my skin and the outside of my skin-- it doesn't look any different.
takes quantum mechanics, spooky effect at a distance, and says that that not only works on the subatomic level,
see another experiment -- this was in Siberia. They have something called a Lake Baikal neutrino telescope. Uh, neutrinos are subatomic particles that are