if you weren't in the military or a carpenter or on the field, ironsmithing was a very important labor that actually built a lot of South-- railway buildings, et cetera.And a lot of African-American slaves in kind of their first sort of when they became free went into artsmithing as trades.
And they signed a contract with eight of the railroads on August of 1930, promising to have this ready within 16 months. Railway Express continued on for a while, but they also fell onto hard times, and they fell apart in the 1960s.
scientists for their living quarters. So when I said "offices" that's what I meant. This is one of their office buildings. It's probably a hundred-year-old railway building that's been converted into their control room. Umm, very, very basic, uh, umm, living conditions because they're working on extremely littlemoney. You can imagine $20 million spent over 20 years. Uh, this kind of science experiment if it's being done in Europe or America -- and there are
around the world never like to have happen. So in Beijing, what is said about Tibet is often that Tibetans should be grateful, because we've brought them modern schools and modern railways and we're linking them to the world. What some Tibetans say, it's not that we're against those things, but we only want those things in a process that is benefiting usas well as other groups that are living locally. And we should have some say in how exactly these things are playing out. We want a more responsive government. So the protests in
amongst ourselves." And then what they can do is they can build a Eurasian railway system connecting Russia, Iran, and China together. And then what this would do is negate American sea power because it's American
Because even the best drone defense system cannot protect every warehouse, every railway junction, every port and every airport. So the answer is not simply to build more defenses. It is to build a system that can quickly adapt
of my mother. You can see it represented here in JMW Turner's painting, "Rain, Steam and Speed." What was remarkable about Brunel when he built this railway was that he wasn't just thinking about, "How do I engineer a railway ?" He said that what he wanted to achieve for his passengers was the experience of floating across the countryside. It's a really great way of thinking about building a railway . And, in order to do that, he had to create
So a great many of the innovations, a great many of the conventions, the language, vocabulary-- it's all starting here. And railways are interesting, anyway, really, if you're interested in railways . But if you're going to get seriously interested, this really is the best country to do it, because for reasons that Ill come on to, but the diversity and the complexity,
Of course electronic media can do more and more things all the time, but there's something awe inspiring about the complexity and the size and scale of what the railways were doing through entirely old-fashioned pen and paper sort of media, again within living memory. It still exists, the railway clearinghouse, the buildings there.
That's when Queen Victoria comes to the throne. So railways are a pre-Victorian invention in this country, at least. And there you can see, lined up, those are some opened third class carriages.
You can probably visualize him with his hat and his cigar. The railways are of two minds about it, because they can be a damned nuisance.
up and challenging those cities place in the world was by hosting world's fairs. The descendents of which are World's Expo, Shanghai is just hosting one. Our railways were impressing the world, much like the railways of China are now. So one of the last questions I bring up is what kinds of things do China and the United States have in common. What other things. This comes after the comment on Sweden. There are many other parallels, some of which concern precisely the things that Americans are fond of criticizing
time quite a bit, and then it's not easy to write about it, but it's very interesting to think about. And I would love to find the for the German railway system, and he once saw a train car full of Jews in a cattle wagon, and he only said
They loaded us on trucks and took us to the railway station. And at the railway station, there was this long, long train. But it wasn't a passenger train.
So I'll hand over to Oliver now to talk a bit more about some of our design process. Now this railway -- high-speed railway bisects Tsavo National Park, right through elephant migration corridors.
So I'll hand over to Oliver now to talk a bit more about some of our design process. It's an elevated railway , and you've got these tunnels underneath.
So I'll hand over to Oliver now to talk a bit more about some of our design process. This is the railway berm under construction as we're flying in, and Tsavo East over here and Tsavo West.
the hot wind, which is the prelude to the monsoon. "The Great Railway Bazaar," which I had read when I was in bed with dysentery, getting rabies shots at the same time.
And he has about five memories in his head, visual memories from when he was 5 years old of his village. And he starts following the railway lines out of that train station where he arrived at Kolkata, this massive train station. Uh, and then more and more obsessively following those railway lines, looking for uh matches to these visual clues.
And they signed a contract with eight of the railroads on August of 1930, promising to have this ready within 16 months. There was a Railway Express Agency.
This is how to do things before you haven't got software. These are railway tickets, as I'm sure you saw straight away. But they're of a very specific type.
The image is one of the little pictures, carriage pictures, that used to be put up in those railway compartments. So if the railway is advertising itself, if you like. to its passengers. They weren't all adverts.
You can probably visualize him with his hat and his cigar. It was first railway flyover to cross from one line to the other, because these lines were effectively self-contained.
actually I did n't make this, but if you look hard enough, you'll find railway enthusiasts in the world, yes, there are a lot of railway enthusiasts in Japan, so when you make a map, there is distance data, so we give them the distance data and ask them to find out what kind of timetable is set up here, and
But it turns out we're not Swiss, because I'm French and those guys are British. And so the railway wouldn't let us, because you have to be Swiss to be let out. It's amazing. So we had to climb from the bottom.
So between the railway and the dynamo Verne says that's my generation, and that's a really good way of defining it.
the Market Street Railway Mural and it's a 180 degree bird's eye view of Market Street through time.
over a railway arch decorated it it was a car manufacturing
drive steam railway trains he knew about the nether regions of ladies and he knew about the ocular Arrangements of lemur
The company doing the railway in Africa is the one that has built this amazing line in China between the main center of China and Tibet that goes over 4,000 meters high tunnels,
-- like a road or railway -- done by a western company, except Brazil is doing a few roads in Angola.
to grips with the railways , the telegraph, and, increasingly of course, as the 20th century would prove,
You had good railways that went across the country and had refrigerated cars.
He worked for Indian Railways .
We were building railways , expanding them from the East Coast to the West Coast.
You can even see railways now.
You get railways . And then in the 1890s, you get what we call the second Industrial Revolution, this fusion of electrical engineering, of material science,
You know, here's a technology, which when it was first built was really still quite new, the 1860s. The first mature railways start in the 1830s, or just before. And it has to make up its own rules.
They were invented in 1838 in a weird, one-off way. The young railways drew in all sorts of people from all walks of life. You couldn't be an apprentice to them or anything, because they were new.
space, and the difficulty of moving through the train, that people preferred it. But finally the railways persuaded us that we should move into the more space efficient kind, or would rather stop giving us the choice. And now pretty well everyone travels in something rather more like, if you like, the body of an airliner.
So Paddington Station, well, one more image. Another instance of railways driving forward without even really planning or expecting to do so. Hotels, they don't start building hotels, but then they think, well, we've got a captive market.
You can probably visualize him with his hat and his cigar. the first railways built in this country and then taken around the world, were to the same size-- 4 feet 8 and 1/2 inches between the rails.
They also discover that the railway line is kind of a different loading gauge, so they've got to change it.
I was sleeping on the railway platforms.
a little place on the railway line when I was growing up to New York, you can imagine what that was like.
And we worked on a railway line.
So happens also by the railway station.
of like that servant on the railway car or the sole black friend on a TV sitcom.
You could probably look at early railway networks and identify some early features of network rather than simply hierarchy in them.
And the car park at the railway station had an arm that you had to put a coin in the slot in order