Neanderthals, they also used hot food, so their brains also were bigger than animals.
Neanderthals disappearing about 40,000 years ago, about 5,000 years after we entered Europe.
Neanderthals appeared 350,000 years ago, disappeared 30,0000 years ago.
Neanderthals made the same stone tools wherever they were, from Central Asia to Western Europe.
territory neander TS fled and the latest surviving the Ender tals we have are found in jalter at about 28,000 years ago so I think that as we moved in into
the Neanderthals, 800,000 years of rural life in Europe, they had to deal with the Ice Age, they all lived together, they bring up their
That Neanderthals could communicate in a way that, there is a lion and this lion is dangerous,
But Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA go much further back to a common ancestor, half a million years or so.
Since Neanderthals had never been in Africa, there is no reason for Neanderthal to be more close to one African than another African.
are Neanderthals. And so I presented this as my research to my group, in counting emails.
the Neanderthal and not the modern human.
Then Neanderthals to modern humans, Denisovans to modern humans.
a Neanderthal so they drew him a strange way. It's ugly looking. It's got the wrong voice for Elmer Fudd. It's a Robert McKimsom. It's a very late one. It's like oy - this is like,
It's the Neanderthal that was found in 1856 in the Neander Valley and gave its name to this group of humans.
ancestors and the neander tals who we may or may not be related to depending on which scientist you talk to but that lineage that's who we are and if you
game and for territory neander TS fled and the latest surviving theander tals we have are found in jalter at about 28,000 years ago so I think that as we
two species I call neander tals homo neander enus and modern humans Homo sapiens neander tals evolved in Europe as an isolated group that's one of the
These were like Neanderthals, Homo habilis, or even there was Homo denisova.
And he's a Neanderthal, but he communicates well.
Here's the Neanderthals. That was about 100,000 years ago.
And for the Neanderthal, we were able to map it to a human.
The guys a neanderthal.
And so Neanderthals appear 300,000, 400,000 years ago, and then exist in Europe and Western Asia
So that Neanderthals would have contributed genetically to present-day Europeans and these other forms in Asia, the present-day Asians.
Because whatever Neanderthal we since have studied, that there's always some paleontologist who comes and say, ah, it's a little too gracile,
So our very best Neanderthals have sampling like 3%, 3.5% DNA.
Or could the Neanderthals have had the genes which are completely different from humans but which are-- Yeah.
Just like Neanderthals were named after the first place where they were found.
turned out to be Neanderthal.
close to the Neanderthal, say, in an individual, in me, those fragments are also particularly different from everyone else in Europe.
Not just Neanderthal but a couple of others that were different.
and modern humans Homo sapiens neander tals evolved in Europe as an isolated group that's one of the conditions for the development of a new species that
culturally just light years away from neander TS light years away from uh say
Europe from the Middle East uh neander TS moved uh in Westward uh ultimately
J'ai un peu plus de Neandertall que la plupart des gens.
And I don't think cloning a Neanderthal is a good idea at all.
Huxley had pictures of apes and neanderthals and stuff.
If you've heard of the Neanderthal genome that was published recently, the first Neanderthal genome sequence, they used a couple of different bones.
That there's no contribution from Neanderthals to Europeans today, for example.
But if this is not a Neanderthal, then Neanderthals don't exist.
We looked through a lot of different Neanderthal sites and bones to find the ones with the most DNA in them.
So we then had the Neanderthal genome.
And then we for the Neanderthal.
So if it was particularly Neanderthal men who contributed to the modern human gene pool, it would also bias against mitochondrial DNA.
and say which parts actually come from Neanderthals.
It has a common origin with Neanderthals, but far back, 200,000, 250,000 years back.
So we now have a very good Neanderthal genome also that we'll sequence many times over to very high quality.
And what we then find in this Neanderthal is that we find huge segments-- this is 19 million bases here-- where the two chromosomes are identical.
So there's actually no evidence that Neanderthals or the other early humans ever spread across water where you don't see land on the other side.
craniums that's ever been found was neanderthal. They, as I said, they had imagination, because they buried their dead. They had language. The puzzle--and yet they, their technology