Here we have the amount of damage done by internationalized civil wars and pure civil wars. And we see that civil wars of the recent decades are far less destructive than the interstate wars of earlier decades. So if you now aggregate the total number of deaths from all wars combined, you get a pattern as follows. Again, I'll show it as a stackedlayer graph. Here we have the number of -- the rate of death from colonial wars which has petered out to zero. The number of deaths from interstate wars which has followed a
Well, it's beyond faith. he promulgated this interstate highway program.
the crucial question is which wars kill more people?" The many civil wars that the world has seen recently or the small number of interstate wars that have been tapering off? This graph shows that the -- how much damage an interstate war has done per war per year plotted decade by decade. And it shows that the deadliness of interstate wars has been in steady decline.
But, some researchers looked at the rise of lawyers to the position of judge in South Carolina. It's the only place where a large interstate freeway goes through-- a highway goes through Manhattan.
Really cool stuff there. Man, we built the interstate highway system.
But many people believe the infrastructure budgets, the spending, and I look at it, and I think, interest rates are at huge lows, the return on infrastructure, I think, would arguably be very high-- think about the interstate highway system of the '50s, and so forth-- so if you're going to spend money on infrastructure, this is a pretty good time to be doing it.
Let's move to Alberta, Canada, and look at some of the things happening around the tar sands. You're seeing the spider web of things that are joining the cities, the interstate highways, some things of that nature.
And everyone in the family was doing something different. One of the journeys that I really enjoyed for this book was discovering the origins of the interstate highway system.
And everyone in the family was doing something different. Conventionally, we believe it's known as the Eisenhower system of interstate and defense highways because Eisenhower saw the autobahns in Germany in 1945.
results in as few as 25 deaths a year. So it's an inclusive graph. The bottom most layer shows the number of colonial wars and that's a category of war that no longer exists as the European empires gave up their colonies. Here we have interstate wars a government on each side and those have been tapering off. Here, however, we see the number of civil wars -- both the number of pure civil wars and the number of internationalized civil wars where some foreign power has butted in to prop up the government against an insurgent
shows that the -- how much damage an interstate war has done per war per year plotted decade by decade. And it shows that the deadliness of interstate wars has been in steady decline. Here we have the amount of damage done by internationalized civil wars and pure civil wars. And we see that civil wars of the recent decades are far less destructive than the
York with Levittown, Long Island, being one of the first. The motel industry, the national motel chains were founded. The first one was called "Holiday Inn," founded by Kemmons Wilson near Memphis, Tennessee. You had an interstate highway system and of course you had Ray Kroc, in the 1950s, bought McDonald's and built it into a nationwide, now even a global, powerhouse. So, the way I look at it in the book was social impact of the automobile really created a sort of 4H Club, if you will; housing, highways, hamburgers and hotels. Again, banks, no one
It's not necessarily something that's just illegal itself, right? Well, the federal government, the cornerstone of its policing powers were actually regulation of interstate commerce.
And in my case, of course, Waterbury, Connecticut, as luck has it there's also a Lynch family, a Patrick Lynch family in Waterbury, Vermont. This little concept called eminent domain, alright, the house, the land, everything was taken so the interstate highways could be put in.
two world wars, but it was not an escalating series or a new normal but rather more like a last gasp. And the last 60 years the rate of death in warfare is historically quite low. This is the period that has been called the long peace. The fact that since 1946 there has been historically unprecedented decline in war between countries, that is, interstate wars. There were zero wars between the two biggest great powers the so-called superpowers the U.S. and the Soviet Union contrary to all predictions by the experts of the era
what about the rest of the world other than the great powers or the rich and European states? Well there's a little appreciated process that I call the 'new peace' that applies to the world as a whole. Since 1946, as I mentioned, there have been fewer interstate wars. There have been however more civil wars as newly independent states with inept governments fought off insurgent movements in civil wars with both sides armed financed and egged on by the Cold War superpowers. Let me just show you that time series. I'll show it as a stacked
movement. But notice two things -- first of all, even the the number of civil wars reached a peek in the early 1990s and, with the end of the cold war, has begun to fall. Also, the crucial question is which wars kill more people?" The many civil wars that the world has seen recently or the small number of interstate wars that have been tapering off? This graph shows that the -- how much damage an interstate war has done per war per year plotted decade
interstate wars of earlier decades. So if you now aggregate the total number of deaths from all wars combined, you get a pattern as follows. Again, I'll show it as a stackedlayer graph. Here we have the number of -- the rate of death from colonial wars which has petered out to zero. The number of deaths from interstate wars which has followed a jagged, bumpy but yet downward trajectory with peaks corresponding to the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Iran/Iraq war. And here we have the pure civil wars and the internationalized