How to pronounce “galileo” in English

And that last point is, of course, very important.Galileo was the first scientist to put forth a quantitative law of nature, a mathematical law.And that was his law of falling bodies, which he proposed in 1590.

The specifics vary, but the prelude-- this is a filthy world that you cannot get leverage on.Galileo answered, "you are right.My vision is feeble, my touch is unreliable, my descriptions are even worse.

ordinary man." And then he concludes with this adorable imagery, which unfortunately does not carry with it an illustration.Galileo's work is filled with illustrations, but this isn't one of them."Thus, a small dog could probably carry on his back two or three dogs of his own size, but I don't believe that a

hasn't disclosed anything at all. And of course, it's not just that Galileo was a bad guy or whatnot, but this was common at the time. Leonardo did it.Galileo did it. Huygens did it. Newton did it. Robert Hooke revealed Hooke's Law in this way, which you may remember from high school. There was no incentive at the time to shareinformation. And so, people kept it secret as long as they could. Or the incentives were certainly much less clear than they are today. At least today it's in

potentially rich patrons including the Medici family and said, "I will name these moons after you publicly if you agree to become my patrons." So here'sGalileo's announcement. Notice anything about what gets the most -- possibly there's two things. The title, "Sidereus Nuncius" which apparently stands for "starry messenger".Galileo's own name is considerably smaller than this announcement of the Medician moons. It's too bad for Medici that we now

Galileo's announcement. Notice anything about what gets the most -- possibly there's two things. The title, "Sidereus Nuncius" which apparently stands for "starry messenger".Galileo's own name is considerably smaller than this announcement of the Medician moons. It's too bad for Medici that we nowcall them the Galilean moons. They kind of lost out there. But the point is that the funders have different incentives. In particular, the funders have much more

And I mention some of them here, some of whom who were burned at the stake like Marcos -- Michael Servetus in the 16th century; some likeGalileo, that were forced to renounce their scientific discoveries.But others like John lock who faired better and had considerable influence on the Christian founders, liberal Christian founders of the United States in the 18th century like Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin

So it could not be unique that the Earth is the center of the solar system if there's another center, namely the planet Jupiter.So Galileo didn't, as people often misconstrue what Galileo did, he didn't prove the Copernican hypothesis.He didn't prove that the Sun is the center of the universe.

In fact, you can only see six of them with even good eyes.But Galileo went even further with this.He looked at the constellation, this little asterism, and he sketched it as it appeared to his eye.

affected us, on my project called BICEP that I'll talk about.So Galileo made this blunder.OK, it's not the worst blunder he can make, you know, with the first telescope in human history.

So we actually know that they twinkle, in a sense, because of the reflection of the starlight off of tiny mirrors of dust.So Galileo was deceived by dust into thinking that the Sun was just a star like any other star in the vast assemblage of starswe call the Milky Way galaxy.

She, out of college, I think it was, went into the military to crack codes.Or Galileo-- I know the moon looks like a perfect circle, but if you take this telescope, you can see it's full of bumps.

So the original form of Euler's identity has a transparent geometric meaning that's obscured when we write it in terms of pi.So Galileo Galilei found that the velocity of a dropped object is proportional to the time it's fallen.

underneath there right and you have um also you have the oneeyed Argus who's looking through a telescope so thetelescope Galileo by 16 early 1600s has repurposed the spy glass and has turned it to look at the sky and that wasreally the beginning of recording in much more detail Celestial phenomena and

The value, to the United States, of these applications has been calibrated about five years ago.We've got Galileo about the same.

And then you see the sketches of the moon on the upper right as well.So what Galileo did was so titanic, because he overthrew the paradigm that the Earth was the sole center of the universe.So back then, they considered the solar system to be the entire universe.

So again, the Copernican model, which wasn't proven-- so by the standards of mathematical proof, in science, what we do is really disprove other hypotheses.So what Galileo technically did is disprove the Ptolemaic, Aristotelian, ancient Greek conception of the central positionof the Earth about the cosmos.

This object has about 100 or so cells, and it will later evolve into somebody.Instead of landing on Galileo's retina, they land on these superconducting sensors that were built up at JPL.

And then I realized it was very much in the tradition of the dialogues of Plato, and also, you may know, very famously, of Galileo.A lot of Galileo's most famous ideas that we know him for actually were first communicated in the form of a book in dialogue form.Those were, in some ways, the popular books of the day for those who read about such discussions.

But curiosity, as Flexner writes, it goes back-- it's an outstanding characteristic of modern thinking.It goes back to Galileo, Bacon, Newton, and it must be absolutely unhampered.

what he called the PHD program which is Phobos deos program he made that pointworked on the Galileo program it took me 15 years of my life you know and and uh

And just for fun, I thought I would give you some idea of the financial numbers involved.So just before Galileo and his telescope, Tycho Brahe built two observatories with money from the King of Denmark.And the cost of one of these observatories was said to be 1% of the gross domestic product of Denmark.

These are Copernicus and Galileo.

And then Galileo 400 years ago famously said that our universe is like a grand book written in the language of mathematics.

And this is the way that science proceeds.There's Galileo's law of falling bodies, which is a parabola, a beautiful shape.

bacon and Galileo and others he was when one of the ironies in his life you know

Think of the great pioneers-- Galileo, Kepler, Boyle, Newton, Faraday, Clerk Maxwell.

So what we're trying to do now, and what I describe in my book, is since the time of Galileo, there have been four other Copernican revolutions.There have been revolutions after Galileo disabused humanity of its central purpose and central point in the universe's arrangement.The next group of astronomers promptly forgot that lesson.

And then people built fancier and fancier facilities for observing the heavens.But still no telescopes until Galileo came along a little over 400 years ago at point a telescope, which was then a new gizmo, at the sky.And he learned a lot of things.

mean think about what Newton or Galileo would think about contemporary education right that you're going to take time

From this counterintuitive result, Galileo concluded that terms like more than or less than don't apply to infinity, how we normally use them.

In fact, it was Galileo who was the relevant genius here who realized that the reason why hammers and feathers in the real world fall at different rates

Copernicus's mistake was pointed out and rectified by Galileo and Newton, who then made other mistakes.

of the Earth about the cosmos.And you see the more complicated version of Copernicus and Galileo on the right.So what we're trying to do now, and what I describe in my book, is since the time of Galileo, there have been four other Copernican revolutions.

This object has about 100 or so cells, and it will later evolve into somebody.So we ended up putting this telescope-- instead of in Galileo's hands, we put it a mount that we tested here in Caltech, and then we shipped it down

And this principle was improved upon by people like Galileo who did experiments, and finally Christiaan Huygens was the one who actually formulated

And we can also talk about the laws that that golf ball behaves.For example, it behaves Galileo's law falling bodies.If we drop it, it will fall a distance that's proportional to the square of the time that it's been falling.

We come to discover them by observation and measurement.For example, Galileo discovered his law of falling bodies by rolling balls down inclined planesand then measuring how long it took them to fall a certain distance.

and then measuring how long it took them to fall a certain distance.Of course, Galileo didn't have a modern clock like this.He probably used a water glass or a pendulum.

by physicists and then led to the great revolutions of Galileo and Newton and onto Einstein, et cetera.

however much-- this is the same premises in "Gulliver's Travels"-- would you be able to do that without re-engineering theentire thing? And Galileo says no.If you were to simply scale up a human to giant size, you'd have all sorts of problems.

Take a spider, scale him up to human size, and he'll squash himself.I can't skip this adorable quote by Galileo.He talks about an oak tree.

Same way you get up to Newton and Galileo, and they came up with this set of equations that are still taught in high

have to go back all the way to the dawn of modern science. So I go back to 1609.It's December. Galileo has built his first astronomical telescope. Seven months pass. For whatever reason he doesn't look at Saturn during that time, as far as we know.But on the morning of July 25, 1610. He points his telescope at Saturn for the first time. And what he's expecting to see is a little disk; that's

They tried to convince me that there was Galileo Galilei such a great scientist and he cooperated with inquisition. So who you are not to do it? Be clear – it was Galilei.

Archimedes but there was never to be a Chinese Galileo never to be a Chinese

whole is greater than the part. So what Galileo was troubled by was this tension between what we call the Cantor-Hume principle and Euclid's

resolve the cloud into the individual stars. Galileo did this. He said, "I wonder what that Milky Way is. Is that

So therefore, the Earth was the center of the entire universe.What they didn't know, until Galileo used the telescope?Was that there were other centers of the solar system.