So score one for ethanol , which, as I mentioned, is the alcohol we've been talking about. Ethanol , or ethyl alcohol, is the type of alcohol we drink.Now, there's lots of other alcohols.
And we reproduced eruption of this volcano. Ethanol spray, go. Capcom, we are go for power descend.
Not ethanol , I mentioned ethanol 's volatile. Ethanol evaporates. So even in the oldest samples, even in the ones like the Roman amphoras that they know were used to carry wine,they almost never find ethanol .
Oh, I should say one thing that made Takamine unique was that unlike most scientists of the time, he didn't mind patenting his processes. Ethanol ? We got an idea.
a carbohydrate. There's the structure right there. But we know that ethanol is not just any old carbohydrate. Ethanol is a toxin. In fact, it's two toxins in one. You wrap your Lamborghini around a tree, acute ethanol toxicity. And you fry your liver, chronic ethanol toxicity. Twotoxins in one. We keep it out of the hands of children. We have an agency in Washington DC that regulates it as a commodity specifically because we know this is dangerous and we have
good arguments. I'm not here to rebut any of this. Ethanol has good attributes, it has bad attributes, but what I want to make sure is that you all understand that ethanol is only one of many liquids that currently can play a role inthe transportation fuel market, but they are not allowed to do it because the cars are not warranted to run on them.
So what is this stuff that you have been pouring into your stomachs and gas tanks? Sweet ethanol . Sweet ethanol . My ethanol . My ethanol .
Sweet ethanol . Sweet ethanol . My ethanol . My ethanol . For you I call.
You're the flower of my heart, sweet ethanol . Sweet ethanol . Thank you.
Thank you. So ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with the structural formula CH3 CH2 OH. Now, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a solvent, and as a fuel.
Yeah. No thank you, Wikipedia. So ethanol is volatile, That means it boils at a low temperature. You need to remember that.
He you did all the cool stuff you can do if you have a lab at Penn and found three things. Not ethanol , I mentioned ethanol 's volatile. Ethanol evaporates. So even in the oldest samples, even in the ones like the Roman amphoras that they know were used to carry wine,
And they're trying to figure out-- there you go. The ethanol issue, we actually have been fighting, Oxfam's been fighting that one on Capitol Hill the last couple of years.
of the gasoline CO2 emissions. But you can get even higher, 200 percent, you can double the CO2 emissions, if, due to land use change, that result from price changes from corn. Cellulosic ethanol is a little bit better but it's still 50 to 150 percent so you really don't know if you're actually getting any carbon benefit. Compared to wind energy, power and battery electric vehicles. It's 99 percent CO2 reductions and air pollution reductions. More than 99 percent. And I'll show you the land use required
with life. It's not efficient because it doesn't need to be. It's really interested in reproduction. It's not interested in producing at scale lots of material lots of ethanol that we would like to have. So we're working. Lots of people are working on the idea of really taking a leaf. But there are many other problems like this. But taking a leaf and making fuels. Learning how it works. Learning how proteins work etcetera. So this is a very interesting problem, it's yet to be solved.
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went produce ethanol how is that gonna affect food production?
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went into ethanol . So there shouldn't be any conflict here.
It starts to trap them in the membranes. And then remove the ethanol or the alcohol. And then it returns all the aromas to wine.
So instead of just taking shots-- which you can do and, more than likely, you probably have done-- but instead of taking shots, we can smooth that ethanol sting and really make it something that's drinkable for a larger drink and for a longer period of time. The best thing I can tell anybody is if you want, add smaller amounts of sugar.
They hired the guy from Xerox PARC. They created their little ethanol equivalent. It was $1,000 per gallon equivalent.
It was the original sports drink, really. So score one for ethanol , which, as I mentioned, is the alcohol we've been talking about. Ethanol , or ethyl alcohol, is the type of alcohol we drink.
And what happened? Turned out adhA was a lot more like the one that made the ethanol . Yeast wants to make ethanol . So problem solved. Chemical weapon, right?
It doesn't need us. If yeast makes ethanol in the forest, does anyone get drunk to hear it or something. Right, like if nobody's there, it still happens.
Ethanol evaporates. So even in the oldest samples, even in the ones like the Roman amphoras that they know were used to carry wine,they almost never find ethanol . They find other stuff.
This then gets put in a barrel. So to produce ethanol from grains, you have to convert the starch back to ferment-able sugars through the process called malting.
This then gets put in a barrel. Glucose yields ethanol and carbon dioxide.
And they're trying to figure out-- there you go. Dare I say ethanol with you?
unit energy than wind and 150 times more pollution per unit energy. Why not ethanol ? Well, they, you still have to burn the ethanol like a combustion fuel. And so you produce a similar amount of air pollution. In fact, we found in the US about four percent higher mortality due to converting to ethanol . Compared with gasoline. Due to
Compared to wind energy, power and battery electric vehicles. It's 99 percent CO2 reductions and air pollution reductions. More than 99 percent. And I'll show you the land use required for the ethanol . And then you'll really see why it's not so useful. Natural gas, in terms of air pollution and CO2, it's at least 50 to 70 times more CO2 per kilowatt hour than wind energy. And hydrofracking, as Mark mentioned, causes lots of water issues.
and the intestine or the kidney, muscle, and brain. Eighty percent of the calories, or 96 calories, are gonna hit the liver, four times the substrate as with glucose. where do you get ethanol from? Fermentation of fructose. It's called wine, right? We do it right here.
bubbles in champagne and you can collect excretes kerosene ethanol gasoline so if you couple class laus CO2
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went to grow the ethanol industry. The ethanol industry cannot grow anymore because they have hit this blend wall and in fact, they're exporting this stuff now. So America became
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went the next ethanol exporter because the market is saturated, which is why we need to remove this blend wall altogether and the way to remove this blend wall is to make sure we
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went What we use the ethanol for, the corn for in the ethanol industry, we use the sugars.
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went we don't make ethanol from wheat?
We're getting a good temperature balance with dilution. We're getting a great ethanol balance with the alcohol. So instead of one alcoholic shot, we're putting in two.
But folks, some of us still just call it spirits. And then we prove that it's ethanol , the whole bit.
So there's two possibilities, prompted by that little box. One of them is that ethanol is chemical warfare. What do you do when you want to clean out a cut?
It's a microbicide. So maybe yeast is using ethanol to kill competitors locally. Yeast can tolerate really high levels of ethanol . Other microbes can't. It makes its own chemical weapon.
Let it run, look at the kinetics, and see what it wanted to do. Did it want to make acetaldehyde into ethanol or make ethanol into acetaldehyde. So they did it.
And yeast now are pre-adapted to live inside those fruits, where all the simple sugar is that they want to eat, because they can tolerate higher level levels of ethanol . They're making their own ethanol , and they can hang out inside that fruit. So they look pre-evolved, they look ready.
and the intestine or the kidney, muscle, and brain. Eighty percent of the calories, or 96 calories, are gonna hit the liver, four times the substrate as with glucose. You've got 96 calories of ethanol hitting the mitochondria all at once. And that's where things go bad. When that happens, and you don't have a pop-off to some storage form,
and the intestine or the kidney, muscle, and brain. Eighty percent of the calories, or 96 calories, are gonna hit the liver, four times the substrate as with glucose. The big difference is that for ethanol the yeast does the first step in metabolism. For fructose, we do our own first step in metabolism, but once you get down to the mitochondria
that we need to move us from one place to another. Most of you are familiar with ethanol ; this is only one of those alcohols. Everybody has an opinion about ethanol . Some people like ethanol ; some people hate ethanol ; both have good arguments. I'm not here to rebut any of this.
I mean people are economic creatures, after all. And you know what happened in Brazil in 2008? Something really remarkable: gasoline in Brazil in 2008 became an alternative fuel. Less gasoline was sold in Brazil than ethanol , which they happen to make from sugar cane. So you see that when you look at it from the standpoint of strategic commodities we have
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went Well I think that the anti-ethanol industry has done a very good job in instilling this food versus fuel myth. The Congressional Research Service looked into it, as well as the World
But at the time they realized that they no longer want to be in this situation that somebody stops the supply of oil and they don't wanna have to face this vulnerability and they went If you go to an ethanol plant, you'll see that they separate the sugars from the proteins; they take the proteins, they feed it to cows; and they take the sugars and they refine it
agenda and in both books she chronicles the rise of big oil and as we enter a new world with a new administration and emerging technologies such as a cellulosic ethanol and and other technologies as well and what role will Big Oil continue to play in our future will it be the same as what it's been in the past eight years or will it take an
And this membrane separates by size of the compound. So first separates water, ethanol , or alcohol. And then comes the other compounds.
But they're heavily dependent on soybean oil. because 40% of the corn crop is used to make ethanol .