Scanning thousands of native English clips with synchronized subtitles and exact timestamps.
Listen to native speakers pronounce “cathode” in real conversational contexts with synchronized timestamps and subtitles.
from anything else. And if it burst into fireworks, then at least it's in a container.The cathode itself starts to decompose.
He paired his new narrow beam with an unlikely technology.The cathode ray tube TV.These TVs worked by scanning an electron beam across a screen. The screen was coated in a phosphor that produced light when hit by electrons.
And then just as he was losing hope, on the last workday of 1982 while cleaning out his office, he stumbled upon a 1980 paper by John B. Goodenough.It described a cathode made of lithium cobalt oxide, a cathode that already contained lithium.This was the missing piece.
If I'm running from a lion, I don't feel the running.He took two cathode ray tube TVs and basically just cranked them onto a headset in front of people's heads,
The trouble is, when they try to scale that up, mayhem happens.The atoms inside the cathode in that battery just move everywhere.The manganese goes over here.
Is that the material that's not maintaining its structure?It's the cathode. So in this case, they're using NMC, nickel manganese cobalt.It's pretty stable chemistry.
And what happens is that the lithium begins to shuttle.The lithium leaves the cathode, goes over to the anode, leaving all that space open.And in that nanosecond when that happens, oxygen somehow is lost.
As he read the paper, one thing stood out, the cell voltage was being held back.The material Whittingham chose for the cathode, titanium disulfide, capped the cell at just 2.4 volts, but Goodenough believed that with a better cathode material, he could do better.He had previously worked with compounds called transition metal oxides.
You could assemble the cell in a discharged state with all your lithium-ions in the cathode, then when you connect it to a charger,these ions will get expelled from the cathode crystal lattice and into the electrolyte.At the same time, nearby cobalt atoms will give up an electron to balance out the charge, and those electrons then go through the wire
from anything else. And if it burst into fireworks, then at least it's in a container.So that's a roll off the cathode, separates that anode.
If I'm running from a lion, I don't feel the running.But this has two very small cathode ray tubes right in front of your face.
a lithium battery, you drive the lithium back over into the cathode side. And that's how battery cycles. It's very simple. And this is an advanced idea that we're workingon which involves different kinds of cathodes and anodes.But fundamentally it breathes. And it breathes because it takes the lithium ion and combines it with oxygen and makes lithium peroxide. The challenge there
When you close the circuit, lithium atoms at the anode give up their electrons.Those electrons travel through the external circuit toward the cathode, generating a current that powers whatever's connected.At the same time, the lithium-ions are released into the electrolyte, and then they pass through the porous separator and migrate toward the cathode.
All he was getting was a series of rejections, one after the other.And those things along the bottom are Williams cathode ray tubes.
It really involves critical mass of people like you guys sitting around thinking through the problems much like Boyle and Smith did back in the late 60s. And my concernthose x-rays to study things like new materials for cathodes like catalytic processes.
They don't know how and why, but the oxygen-- and they don't know where it goes either.But when that happens, the cathode goes haywire.And the way that I explain this is-- the way of looking at this-- first, the thing that happens is that in that moment, those molecules-- the manganese
get you that 400 mile vehicle. I won't get through the details but it involves a different way to think about batteries. Batteries always lookthis way, there's a cathode and anode. And the anode and cathode are differently charged. And lithium in a lithium battery shuttle back and forth usually through a liquid.When you charge it, the lithium go over to this cathode. And when you discharge it, the lithium filters back into the anode. When you charge it back up like in
Titanium in this compound has effectively lost four electrons, two to each sulfur atom, meaning it sits at a plus four oxidation state.That leaves it very electron hungry, exactly what you want in a battery cathode.But titanium disulfide has a second key advantage, this material is made of stacked layers held together by weak Van der Waals forces.
So theoretically, you don't even need lithium metal at all.You could assemble the cell in a discharged state with all your lithium-ions in the cathode, then when you connect it to a charger,these ions will get expelled from the cathode crystal lattice and into the electrolyte.
Hard to mention that today.I know, right? And then there's the cathode-ray television, which at least for me, I was born in the '80s.That was the kind of television I had when I was growing up.
They're in two completely separate worlds.and Essel Rayman. They filed a patent for something called the cathode ray tube amusement device in 1947.
this way, there's a cathode and anode. And the anode and cathode are differently charged. And lithium in a lithium battery shuttle back and forth usually through a liquid.When you charge it, the lithium go over to this cathode. And when you discharge it, the lithium filters back into the anode. When you charge it back up like ina lithium battery, you drive the lithium back over into the cathode side. And that's how battery cycles. It's very simple. And this is an advanced idea that we're working
When you charge it, the lithium go over to this cathode. And when you discharge it, the lithium filters back into the anode. When you charge it back up like ina lithium battery, you drive the lithium back over into the cathode side. And that's how battery cycles. It's very simple. And this is an advanced idea that we're workingon which involves different kinds of cathodes and anodes.
cryptic. It shows a road map for batteries. We're right down here today. We're with lithium metal oxide anodes andgraphite anodes, so it would be an anode and a cathode. And this shows you by the time you get out to about 2019, we don't even know whatkinds of anodes you're going to get based on the kinds of energy densities that road map projects. So I told you we're
There, hydrogen ions in the lemon juice want those electrons, so they receive them and turn into hydrogen gas.You've got one side that gives up electrons, that's the anode, and you've got one that receives them, that's the cathode.- But why do you need the lemon at all?
What sets it apart is how much energy you can get out of lithium when it reacts in a battery.See, when it loses that outer electron, it forms a tiny, incredibly stable positive ion, and so that reaction paired with the right cathodereleases more energy per electron than any other metal.
His new chemistry delivered nearly double, a huge 2.4 volts per cell.He now had a working prototype, a metallic lithium anode on one side, a titanium disulfide cathode on the other, his new liquid electrolyte in between.There was also a thin porous separator that kept the electrodes apart, so they couldn't touch and short circuit.
Those electrons travel through the external circuit toward the cathode, generating a current that powers whatever's connected.At the same time, the lithium-ions are released into the electrolyte, and then they pass through the porous separator and migrate toward the cathode.The electrons arriving through the circuit are taken up by the titanium atoms and the titanium disulfide.
- And that dendrite can just keep growing, and eventually it's gonna poke through the separator and reach to the other side.Now the electrons are gonna have a shortcut, so instead of going through the circuit, they race straight from the anode to the cathode using the dendrite,and that sudden surge of electrons cause intense heating, and that can trigger a chain reaction inside the battery, leading to a fire, or even an explosion.
He had previously worked with compounds called transition metal oxides.They were more stable than sulfides, and some he knew were extremely hungry for electrons, perfect for a cathode.He tried one of these compounds in his battery, and the voltage immediately spiked from 2.4 volts to four volts.
Lithium cobalt oxide is arranged so that the cobalt and oxygen atoms form tightly bonded layers, with lithium-ions nestled in between.This means that your supply of lithium-ions doesn't just have to come from the dangerous lithium metal on the anode side, it's already there prebuilt into the cathode.So theoretically, you don't even need lithium metal at all.
well, they weren't a battery company, and they didn't know how to make batteries.So in 1986, Asahi executive Isao Kuribayashi flew to Boston on a top secret mission, carrying three jars containing cathode,anode and electrolyte materials.
- But what's crazy is that even after all this, these batteries should never have worked.See, when you charge the battery for the first time, lithium-ions move from the cathode to the graphite anode.And here, they react with the electrolyte to form this weird complex patchwork of compounds that build up on the anode's surface.
from anything else. And if it burst into fireworks, then at least it's in a container.It's so obvious when you see it, but I don't think anyone intuitively thinks that it's a rolled up like sheet of anode and cathode inside.
from anything else. And if it burst into fireworks, then at least it's in a container.- At roughly 130 degrees Celsius, the polymer separator is gonna melt, and now the anode and cathode can come into direct contact,
And big temperature swings cause expansion and contraction of this metal, and so that can eventually break these connections.Also, inside the batteries, a liquid electrolyte solution allows lithium ions to move between the cathode and anode during charging and discharging.But if this solution freezes, JPL fears that the whole thing will stop working entirely.
A pure digital matrix and so itís the ancestor of your USB stick but it never got built intime but they built a machine waiting for these things to plug in and then they never materialized, so then they did the strange hack with the cathode ray tubse.But the architecture is established for this the next, I think largely the reason that we moved into the solid state age so fast that when, you know, Fairchild and those people
One of the things that we revealed in the book is that the most expensive component of an auto battery today is something called a separator. It's a thin sheet of plastic,very smart plastic, but something that looks like thin sheet of plastic that separates between the anode and the cathode. This intellectual property makes up about 10 to 12 percent ofthe cost of the battery. The IP actually belongs to Exxon Chemicals.
Having trouble pronouncing 'cathode'? Explore related pronunciations below: