knockers got a lot of presents she just sat there and scow yeah she just leged him she was quite miserable umdisappointments no I've always been very happy with them
everyone around the world should be able to recognize smiles and frowns and scowls as expressions of emotion. And it's this assumption that leads companies to claim that detecting a smile with computer vision algorithms is equivalent to detecting an emotion like
they infer that the person is angry, and in fact, you'll hear companies refer to a scowl as an "anger expression" as if there's a one-to-one correspondence, and frowning for sadness, and so on. And so,
to call a scowl an "anger expression," because only sometimes does a, is a scowl indicative of anger. Instead, what we see when we look at the data is that variation is the norm. And to show, I'll just show you what I mean. So, if you were
a downturned mouth, a scowl. We impose meaning on that scowl as anger, right. So a scowl isn't inherently meaningful as anger. In this culture, we've learned to impose that meaning based on our shared knowledge of anger. And in the Trobriand Islands, they would impose a different
So, that was a long time ago. Bob Scowcroft: Yes, that video was shot it 1989. He noted that organic was about 1 percent of the food economy.
We're now at 4 percent? Bob Scowcroft: Little over 4, 4.2, 4.3 Presenter 2: So I'm gonna ask the question from the other side. Why so slow? Why so, what's, what have been the impediments?
Why so slow? Why so, what's, what have been the impediments? Bob Scowcroft: Um, uh, absolute to this day, resistance from the agro industrial food system and it's an integrated system, crop insurance; you can't get organic crop insurance to organic research; you can't get that to scale.
7 buyers. male #1: All food or organic? Bob Scowcroft: All food total comes through 7 buyers. Now, it's like, in California there are 2,200 organic farms, 2 of them, and I said earlier in a meeting I'm gonna try not to use brand names, but 2 of them gross a billion dollars.
Actually, there was a law, this is a kind of funny, well, depends on your Ag sense of humor, Birch Bayh and Bob Dole wrote a law in the 80s called the" Bayh Dole Act" Bob Scowcroft: It's not, everyone's gonna have pineapples but the "Bayh Dole Act" reformatted the entire research system to be product based. That you could be a company and give money into an Ag research program and dedicate a research question you have and you could profit, i.e. patent, off that product that came out
Presenter 2: What was the most difficult part about getting the federal law written? Bob Scowcroft: Um, well, it's the opposition of the agricultural industry; some of you may have a little bit of awareness that the Farm Bill is front and center this summer.
That would be astonishing. Bob Scowcroft: You know, I think the infrastructure as immature as it is, has the capacity to do that understanding that organic transition requires, one of the key threads is 3 years from the last application of a prohibited material.
is, say, something about nutrient density? Bob Scowcroft: That's the, uh, that's the Pandora's Box and I'm happy to open it. Presenter 2: Go ahead.
Presenter 2: Go ahead. Bob Scowcroft: But I'm gonna ask you to hold it for just about 60 seconds until, I came to organic really trying to ban agent orange and my concerns about pesticides and herbicides. People come to organic for different reasons, have different paths to, uh, eventually say, "You know, I wanna be positive, I wanna be solutions based."
harvested tomato, they had lost the gene for taste. Bob Scowcroft: And that they had just, heck, where is it? And they had just discovered where it was and now they're gonna breed that gene into the tomato for taste as well.
diluted, nutrient dilution. Is that, that must be true. Bob Scowcroft: Um, certainly in the soils, you know, as the soils break down as it's all about breeding something will take up N, nitrogen N, faster and more efficiently. You have a route that's looking for that fertilizer.
You wanna tell us about that? Bob Scowcroft: Some other goodies. Sure, Uh, Bob Scowcroft: 19, no wait, 2009 the Journal of HortScience did a story on the sorry state
commercial marketplace. Bob Scowcroft: Here's a couple Presenter 2: Life magazine? Bob Scowcroft: Life, okay, this is kind of an ageist here Bob Scowcroft: 1970, Life magazine, as far as I know this is the first cover story about organic.
And some guy would shave his, um, and she made so much money that she bought an organic food store Bob Scowcroft: and left acting to be an organic activist. Bob Scowcroft: Uh, and, uh, it goes on to show that you see Santa Cruz Farm and Garden and talk about how organic has come of age since the '50s. And I think it's really a phenomenal read.
'70s, but look at that Polaroid camera for 200 dollars. Bob Scowcroft: breathlessly the newest deal out there. But it's important, again, really for what they talked about USC and crop rotation and whole grains and nutrition and what USC, I said USC, UCSC, produced.
I also wanted to show Presenter 2: Well, that's a story. Bob Scowcroft: two other things here, maybe three I'm, I try to bring something to get a chuckle. You never know your audience entirely so don't feel like you have to go overboard on my last piece here.
You never know your audience entirely so don't feel like you have to go overboard on my last piece here. Bob Scowcroft: Or, actually, I'll show the book, too. In 1979, the last year of the Carter administration, a couple people said organic's kind of working.
Big press, great, immediately reducing, well, they rehired 498 of them as consultants. Bob Scowcroft: Cause they needed this staff but they kept 2 off permanently. Now, that was Doctor Youngberg and the poor woman in the secretary pool who happened to be assigned to his desk to help him, she was laid off as well.
passed security. And I made a much more of a, I mean, really I just walked out the door with a bag. Bob Scowcroft: But it had, I thought I had the only copies of this document at that time. One reporter, this is the power of the press, James Risser from the Des Moine Register, wrote a story about this and, uh, the uproar was so strong that, though Garth was never
Presenter 2: And how much of this has been implemented? Bob Scowcroft: Only 5 of the recommendations have been fully implemented. Now, I have to say, um, Deputy Director of the USDA is Doctor Kathleen Merrigan, she's a former OFRF board member, she's number two, she's created and fully implemented, now,
How many people know the National Enquirer? Bob Scowcroft: I see some hands went like this. Nobody looked around so you're okay.
Nobody looked around so you're okay. Bob Scowcroft: So the National Enquirer calls and she says she's a reporter and I'm sure this is a joke, one of my buddies, I mean, this is the kind of, this is what we do for fun, is pretend, internally.
mean, this is the kind of, this is what we do for fun, is pretend, internally. Bob Scowcroft: And she was doing a story, "Are organic foods worth the cost?" And, you know, I just wanted to say is this Joanne? Is this, come on, you know, ha ha.
I did it once or twice and she got really irritated and said, "I'm in New York, I'm on a deadline, I report for the National Enquirer and I'm doing this story." Bob Scowcroft: "Mister Scowcroft, do you wanna talk or not?" So I played it straight and she did a long interview. She called others and low and behold, she wrote an incredibly straight story.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: And I thought, "Okay, one person at a time." You know, one person at a time.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Uh, absolutely.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: That's untrue.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Um, many.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Now a number have organic engagement programs but in my personal opinion, and since this is on film I'll be hearing it from many of them that I didn't name, but
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: You know, the success of the organic label, it is the only competitive conventional egg and it is extremely different, profoundly different.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Well, many of the animal welfare groups are trying but right now the
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Uh, the complexity of the marketplace, you can get to a certain scale and go to 7 farmer's markets and you and maybe 1 or 2 workers harvest that and bring it direct
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: I would actually say it has been revolutionized even since Michael wrote that but it is in certain regional locations.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Sure. Well, there's a couple of things.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Absolutely, the FAO has published a number of papers recently showing, that's an entity of the UN and I can't pull the name up right now.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: And there's a rocket, no not rocket, well there's one person that's particularly been overseeing a lot of these peer reviewed research reports showing now
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: I think it could.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Now, Detroit has a food plan, it's very contrev, someone wants to industrialize that but basically Detroit has an actual plan and it's beginning to take some of these blocks
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Yeah, it's not mine.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Well, yeah, the people's history of organic has a couple of PG-13 stories about it too.
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. Bob Scowcroft: Thank you very much for coming.
of providing test subjects with linguistic cues is responsible for the scientific belief that a scowl expresses anger and only anger, that a smile expresses happiness and only happiness, and so on. And so, if you're a company who wants to build AI to
to infer that someone who is scowling is angry. And in fact, it's a, it's a mistake to call a scowl an "anger expression," because only sometimes does a, is a scowl indicative of anger. Instead, what we see when we look at the data is that
Far as I'm concerned that data's in and what I've read about some of the chemicals, antibiotics in hog production, I only eat, I mean, I know the meat I eat almost personally, not the chicken itself Bob Scowcroft: but the producer that made it. How do we transition, I guess is the, to get the 50 percent, you need a government objective, you need a massive investment in research and, of course, you need the consumer that's
of a farmer's market and we ended up talking for about an hour and a half. male #4: Bob Scowcroft: Well, my feeling is that to get it to 50 percent, those 7 buyers bring