Phoenicians .
the Phoenicians came sailing across to Egypt, saw the hieroglyphic bull, copied the head of the bull and in Phoenician this was called Alf, was the name of a calf.
The Phoenicians had been doing that for thousands of years.
He was of Phoenician descent.
And that became the basis for Phoenician , for Greek, for Russian, for Persian, for Sanskrit, for the English alphabet.
the Arabs possibly Sailors the Phoenicians had used compasses in the 13th and 14th centuries recorded
One of my colleagues has called it a Phoenician lake.
Then it was destroyed They imported the alphabet from the Phoenicians , adapted it to their language.
this time, which the Phoenicians bring across the Mediterranean. Now, the Phoenicians who come from central Canaan, what we would call today Lebanon, they're actually survivors of the collapse.
So the Phoenicians and the Cypriots, alphabet and iron, because the Cypriots,
for example, we see the Phoenicians from central Canaan.
At the bottom to the right, you can see a Phoenician pottery vessel from 11th century BCE.
of years of history, right from the beginnings of the Bronze Age through the Phoenicians and Minoans, the Etruscans, the Ancient Greeks, the Romans.
And then it was borrowed by, the Phoenicians continued to evolve it and it becomes the
They didn't do as well as the Phoenicians and the Cypriots who I would give a gold star rating to, number one, in my book, but I would give the Assyrians and
try to figure out why they did, like why were the Cypriots and the Phoenicians able to be that much more successful than the Hittites, for example.
In its earliest days, the Greek alphabet, like its mother, the Phoenician alphabet, which was a Semitic script, was written from right to left.
Before that there were numbers, there were Roman numbers and there's Greek numbers before then, and Phoenician numbers,
The north Mediterranean is ideally set up for seafaring societies, like the Minoans, the Phoenicians , the Greeks.
And then over time the Phoenicians simplified that symbol, but you can see that it's still
And the Phoenicians standardize the alphabet.
So I would say Cypriots with their iron Phoenicians with the alphabet and
But, Cypriots do okay, Phoenicians do okay, Assyrians and Babylonians do
societies as to how well they did in the aftermath of the collapse, I would put the Cypriots and the Phoenicians in the top category.
So I would say both the Cypriots and the Phoenicians are actually anti-fragile.
In the aftermath of our society collapse, are we going to be Phoenicians ?