Again, Herriman was about 21, 22 when he created these characters. Major Ozone does anything and goes anywhere to find fresh air. Bud Smith, the boy who does tricks-- and you also see a black cat creeping around the corner there, which shows up again and again in his cartoons.
worker bees. That's a whole other story. the ozone layer and climate change in my head when I went to say it. Not good. I
use, but later discovered that they were destroying ozone over Antarctica at a creation of the Antarctic ozone holes directly linked to our use of synthetic chemicals. And among other things that we've been putting into the atmosphere are the greenhouse gases.
And animals were going where people used to go, everywhere around the world. And the ozone layer healed in the North. And she's showing us that Mother Earth can heal quickly,
For example, it created ozone . Without an ozone layer, you could never-- without ozone you would completely change the dynamics of the surface. From the life's perspective, without ozone you could never have colonized land.
And so one of the prime examples of how the airborne program really plays is that in the 1980s, there was the ozone hole, and nobody really knew what was going on with that. NASA actually had just launched the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, or TOMS.
And so we could see those images of the globe looking down on the South Pole. We could see the ozone hole, but we couldn't determine what was causing it. So there were several theories at the time.
the sea level rises and all the streets become flooded. So, if you think about it, if you, right now work with an environmental organization to help combat climate change and fight to save the ozone and our natural environment, we might actually prevent that water from seeping up onto my, the streets of the city I live in. Or, 10 years from now or 20 years from now we'll probably need you to volunteer to be like a gondolier for people going to the hospital, 'cause they'll need like a gondolier service to get to the hospital, right? So
Has anyone been in those spaces here? With that kind of ozoney smell, if you walk by doors where there's like-- yeah? So it's a sort of dominant sensation of it being so loud you can hardly hear yourself and 65 degrees.
We hadn't experienced a huge problem, but we saw something growing non-linearly quite kind of steep. And then we decided to curb it-- ozone -depleting substance emissions. We shook hands across the globe, every country starting from the 1988 Montreal Protocol.
And-- Just a little bit. Shabba-Doo from the movie "Breakin'," Ozone , born and raised in Cabrini.
there was the ozone hole, and nobody really knew what was going on with that. NASA actually had just launched the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, or TOMS. And so we could see those images of the globe looking down on the South Pole.
into international policy, which became the Montreal Protocol which basically calls all the developed countries to phase out the development of CFCs. And we averted losing our stratospheric ozone layer, which protects us. -NASA scientists are joining with-- This is just a quick video clip of some of the other more recent work that we've done with the Global Hawk aircraft.
And so what do we do with all of this information? You showed the pictures of the ozone hole over Antarctica and it didn't look-- even though the accord was made a reasonably long time ago,
And then you should be good to go. And they eat away at the ozone layer.
most obvious area of improvement in the overall smog levels where it shows green but if you look a little close more closely in ozone and particulate matter particulates come from diesel fuel and they're very small particles and they can get actually get into your lungs and your bloodstream much easier because of the smallness of
By having all this oxygen, it completely changed the chemical cycles that regulated the planet's history. For example, it created ozone . Without an ozone layer, you could never-- without ozone you would completely change the dynamics of the surface.
And he walked down the street and met with Joseph Pulitzer, and started creating more characters, such as "The Two Jolly Jackies-- Two Sailors on Perennial Shore Leave," or Major Ozone 's Fresh Air Crusade. Again, Herriman was about 21, 22 when he created these characters.
Now, the interesting thing is a little bit is absorbed by the atmosphere. Luckily, by ozone . So ozone captures a little bit of the ultraviolet radiation and stops you getting skin cancer and has allowed evolution to occur without too much DNA damage. But the rest of it passes through the atmosphere as if it's not there.
implicated in this phenomenon and what we do know is that with 1.2 million lightning strikes per year this is believed to be the world's largest natural producer of ozone so from the time that airplanes were first
based out of Punta Arenas, which is on the Strait of Magellan at the southern tip of South America. And we are able to make measurements directly into the ozone hole which was in the stratosphere over the South Pole. And we were able to bring back what we've always referred to as the smoking gun.
71,000 of what it is here on Earth so low in fact that liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars also no ozone layer so nothing to screen out the x-rays and the ultraviolet and all of that so Mariners Mars is a frigid bone
You know, it's kind of like ozone levels or wildfire risk, right?
this different recipe, atmosphere that has no ozone , or ozone -- we can't make it uninhabitable.
So first of all, the ozone layer, the stratospheric ozone layer that protects the Earth from otherwise being sterilized, that ozone layer has been damaged by chemicals
Without an ozone layer, you could never-- without ozone you would completely change the dynamics of the surface. From the life's perspective, without ozone you could never have colonized land. So it was the step in the Great Oxidation Event that actually allowed the land to be colonized.
as what impact these particles might have on atmospheric chemistry and the ozone hole; to what degree they might contribute to the, or slow the healing of the ozone hole, things
And, we have used the synthetic chemicals, the chlorofluorocarbons -- put them to great use, but later discovered that they were destroying ozone over Antarctica at a creation of the Antarctic ozone holes directly linked to our use of synthetic chemicals.
We shook hands across the globe, every country starting from the 1988 Montreal Protocol. And we now kind of curbed that, and the ozone is healing, and we don't experience the problem that we might have experienced. So this is great news.
That's not biological kind of methane. But what they're looking for is oxygen and ozone .
They think, oh, global warming, isn't that because of plastic straws in the ocean, or the ozone hole, or toxic waste dumps?
The sulfuric acid itself doesn't do much, but in the presence of the chlorine that humans put there, you make that stratospheric ozone loss worse.
Their primary replacement chemical, HFCs, great, on the one hand because they have almost no negative impact on the ozone layer.
And there was a concern that there was just a climatological shift in the circulation patterns. But one of the top contenders was CFC, is the chlorofluorocarbons and whether those were really causing the ozone hole. It wasn't until we were able to take our high altitude aircraft, which was really the only way in the world to get these measurements, and we actually went down
And we were able to bring back what we've always referred to as the smoking gun. It showed that there was this tremendous correlation with the chlorine molecules that we were seeing, which ended up being the source of the ozone hole. And the exciting thing about that for us is that that data that we took fed directly
go from the lowest part of the atmosphere into the stratosphere? Because if you get more water in the stratosphere, it actually has a huge impact on the ozone cycle and potentially leads to more ozone production. And so we actually-- again, this was really the only way to get that data in the upper atmosphere over the middle of the Pacific.
It's called an Alpha Jet. And so we've developed a greenhouse gas payload that we put on there to measure CO2, methane, ozone , water vapor, et cetera.
And so what do we do with all of this information? But you know, it's got such a long lag in the system that we don't expect the ozone hole
the, because you have a lot of aldehydes coming out of the tank instead of aromatics. But the aldehydes are more reactive at producing ozone which causes health, significant health
amounts in an atmosphere only if there's something biological there creating it. So if they find oxygen or ozone in large amounts in, in an atmosphere, in a very distant atmosphere,
systems, living systems, and the life support systems of the earth -- the forests, the rivers, the oceans, the wetlands, the atmosphere to the ozone layer, to the aquifers, to the crop