How to pronounce “mutations” in English

mutations-- and I'm sure you've probably all heard of the mutation theory of aging-- that we just lose our genetic information.

Mutations cause variation.

mutations that didn't exist in Mom, didn't exist in Dad, and wouldn't exist, by chance, really, in any sibling.

Although mutations help by injecting diversity, for any single species, fewer mutations mean more faithful copies.

or mutations.

genetic mutations that protect them from disease.

Those mutations are genetic changes, changes in their DNA.

Those mutations are genetic changes, changes in their DNA.

Evolution is driven by mutations, changes in the genetic code, which in turn change the amino acids within a given protein sequence.

Although there are genetic mutations that lead to certain timing of sleep, it turns out everybody I was doing this

We took out the mutations from these two carriers, and we could see that that stopped the arrhythmias.

So they accumulate mutations, so they're genetically different more as they age, but they're also epigenetically more distinct as they age as well.

those genetic mutations in about 95% of people with leukemias.

You are full of mutations.

And then molecular mutations, where the copying mechanism is imperfect, can yield other molecules, which may be better or worse, but those

that progress to introduce mutations into the the development of synthetic

and for single-gene mutations, so-called Mendelian diseases.

They're de novo mutations.

The de novo mutations tend to be-- they can be very rare.

That causes mutations.

and some occasional other mutations that happen.

Those are just four mutations inserted into a bacteria.

at a time for mutations.

Which of these mutations would be predicted, based upon an algorithm, to change the protein function?

about all these gene mutations.

But for these rare mutations, this type of master protocol design is really inefficient.

Even if nuclear mutations accumulate much more slowly than mitochondria, it's still non-zero rate, surely we're going to have to fix it.

By segment they tired mutations and oh this way gets more lift and they morphed in the computer and many iterations to a shape that turned out flew.

So the mutations arise at random.

It's mutations taking place in genes that somehow disrupt the normal process of controlling cell growth.

a number of driver mutations, and many of our cells at least have one driver mutation.

So the mutations arise at random.

It causes mutations, it causes inflammation, it causes, you know, cells to get kinda cruddy, you know, proteins to get kinda cruddy,

That happens sometimes because of mutations and it seems like there there other causes of

And these are all the mutations.

So if you have some mutations in the heart, but you have another thing called a polygenic-risk score.

It's just been inactivated through mutations.

So given a certain bunch of genetic mutations, can you predict somebody who's going to get better to a certain chemotherapy drug versus those folks who

And they expected-- they expected to find mutations in skin because it's exposed to ultraviolet light, which we know causes mutations.

That means you actually introduced mutations in the virus that makes them more contagious.

It makes a huge number of mutations.

And so these are random mutations.

Do you think that there were independent mutations in the DNA that were independently selected for?

similar things and there were mutations occurring quite independently, quite different in character that built a similar structure.

What was notable about these BRAF mutations is that about 95% of them were the exact same change in the DNA.

So we can prioritize that mutations in that part of the genome are more likely to be functional or disruptive of the protein's

So we know who has which mutations so that we can do an iterative clinical trial where we just enroll patients with that mutation

So there's a lot of these mutations.

There are multiple different ERBB2 mutations in cancer.