What I do if a patient comes to my office, whatever their problem is, and however severe it is, people are often shocked. membrane , fats in your cell membrane .
there's this squiggly thing called ckit that's a a tyrosine kyes protein in the membrane of the cell and uh that can be found in melanoma and can trigger theseprotein Pathways within the cell including this green one there called BFF and when BFF is mutated so that it's
These are called reactive oxygen species. They damage those delicate membranes . And then what happens if it's too acute, too stressful, the whole cell will die.The cell loses its energy and we get uh apoptosis or necrosis and cell death.
There is meteorites from Earth on Mars. Membranes , proteins, genetic material that eventually evolved through the process of Darwinian evolution into very complex organisms up until today.
adulthood are gonna come up with some solutions that are gonna be amazing I'm on the board of something called the Omega project and Omega stands for offshore membrane enclosures for growing algae it was developed by NASA to figure out how you could convert human waste into biofuel to continue to propel us into space and what they figured out basically is that you could using algae
viruses and bacteria and heavy metals so for example San Francisco Bay if you converted 1% of San Francisco Bay into offshore membrane enclosures for growing algae which is basically plastic bags in the ocean that float around and have algae in them destroying municipal waste 1% of San Francisco Bay would take care of all of San Francisco's municipal waste and make 25 percent of its diesel
This is a model from Andrew Pohorille Pohorille, right here at NASA Ames, who does this kind of modeling. And you can see that there is an oily center. This is a cross-section through the membrane . There's an oily center composed of hydrocarbon chains, hydrophilic groups on either side, in contact with water. So, that's what a membrane looks like, the lipid component. So keep that in mind because you're gonna see that again as we go on. Last point to make before I get to the molecular
That's the idea of a horizon. But membranes are not invariant in that theory.
The hot gases rapidly expand, pushing against a flexible polymer membrane that acts like a piston. - So the membrane moves as the piston and then instead of having to, like, have any sort of elaborate system that brings it back down because it just naturally is elastic, it sort of has its own restoring force.
That was our clever little innovation. - As the membrane shrinks back, it vents the exhaust gases, allowing the cycle to repeat. Despite the continuous flow of methane and oxygen, the fuel line never catches fire.
limit. Good microbes will just say oh apparently there's a wall there's some throat wall that we're not going to you know in invade. we're just going to stay here on the mucous membrane and we'll be fine just living here and then everyone can get along well, you know, but bad microbes will ignore that sometimes and even cross the borders with going into our cells. That's usually then a bad sign not tolerating when someone really says up to here no further. And then
And these different compounds has different size. And this membrane separates by size of the compound. So first separates water, ethanol, or alcohol.
And the glucose is all in the blood, and it cannot get into that cell. The muscle cell's membrane keeps it out. It won't go through until you have a certain key, and that key is insulin-- hormone made in the pancreas, it goes through the blood
And it's not really going to spark a kitchen revolution in the near future, because this is nanotechnology. across the membrane , that's what I was talking about with the axons-- all cells have that.
There are two bones in your forearms, in each forearm. And there is a membrane in between. So imagine that membrane swelling and settling as you breathe in and out.
And there is a membrane in between. So imagine that membrane swelling and settling as you breathe in and out. And then come down into your lower legs.
Well, of course, what happened was water is 100% water, alcohol is 50% water, so some of the water from outside went through the membrane to create equilibrium. That's called osmosis. Diffusion.
the way up to 13 carbons long. This is what those things look like, by the way. In a membrane , you have a hydrocarbon tail--the black and white--and you have the hydrophilic head group. This is nothing but soap. You wash your hands with this. It cleans it off. This is a soap molecule. So, we had found soap molecules in the Murchison meteorite and discovered that they could self-assemble into those membrane structures that I showed
And most commonly, it's this pleural cavity. These pleural membranes are aligned with mesothelial cells. Sometimes what happens is the fibers will work their way out of the lung tissue and directly get into this cavity here,
to cross your muscle membranes . Those incredibly abstract goal states ultimately have to make the chemistry dance in a very particular way,
to have healthy membranes .
There is meteorites from Earth on Mars. They're useful for membranes .
That's the idea of a horizon. And they look like membranes in another.
Just cut between the membranes .
well not the membranes but the water droplet systems. So you will get biological synthetic hybrids and I mean that these agents actually, I think, take off where nanotechnology
to pack in an enormous amount of membrane surfaces.
on the other side of an impermeable membrane between us and another world.
That's like the cell membrane around all your cells.
And it's not really going to spark a kitchen revolution in the near future, because this is nanotechnology. And there are these holes in the membrane that are gated just like Maxwell's daemon.
So your fascial system is your meta-membrane .
But they're incredibly different in their membrane structure, their enzymes, their physiology.
And underneath that are the segments of the orange, represent the various organs and muscles and larger structures that each have a containing membrane , as well as blood vessels, and nerves, and bones, all have a wrapping of fascia around them. And all of this fascia is continuous.
They do spread out into this wide membrane which we'll come back to.
That's the idea of a horizon. But so the M stands for membrane .
we could wrap them in a seaweed membrane , an algenate microcapsule.
And we had a geo-membrane laid in this particular patch of land.
They sit in the cell membrane and act a little bit like a switch.
And you have the liquid membrane .
And this pressurization against the membrane allows to extract the oxygen out of the air.
Because the composition of a brain cell membrane so depends on DHA and on fat, if DHA isn't
- It's essential for cell membranes .
does that chemical cause cancer? It damages the proteins and the lipids. These little squiggles are delicate internal membranes . They They contain the proteins and the lipids that allows us to generate energy when we breathe.
organelles inside a cell. You have the nucleus, you have the mitochondrion, you you you have lysosomes. There is intimate contacts between some of the other membranes , mitochondrial associated membranes we see. And they're also abnormal when you look at them under the electron microscope.
It first captures most of the volatile aroma. It starts to trap them in the membranes . And then remove the ethanol or the alcohol.
There are these things called cell membranes in the body.
It also changes your mucus membranes .
What I do if a patient comes to my office, whatever their problem is, and however severe it is, people are often shocked. Cholesterol are actually what make our cell membranes have structure because they create stiffness, whereas the omega-3s and omega-6s actually
waves in action, and so forth, that those monolayers would crimp inward and turn into liposomes. So that is his idea about why membranes could come first. And really, from that moment on, I've been testing that idea. I'd like to show you Alec Bangham. This is a picture I took about seven or eight years ago. And there you see him making self-assembled amphiphilic membranes in his backyard.
And so you get these big swings and voltages across that membrane .
So then I wanted to highlight the lipid membrane here.