on Mauna Loa. And that jig-jag pattern, that seesaw pattern you see, that's a seasonal signal.
This is Mauna Loa, which is the world's largest volcano.
This is Maunakea in Hawaii, and it's home to a bunch of telescopes, which I'm sure a lot of the science-oriented folks
So it's on Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii.
So compared to the immense bulk of Mauna Loa, they are just little itty bitty pimples on the face of the Earth.
The Japanese telescopes also up on Mauna Kea, and then also in Chile some of the European telescopes.
And so that's the area that Mauna Kea is absolutely exceptional of.
And the first time I set foot on a volcano was Mauna Loa, and it just, it basically knocked the wind out of me
We're driving up to do some climate research on Mauna Loa in a really remote area.
The other is that the air is just very stable above Mauna Kea.
And we participate in the visitor center on Mauna Kea where people who are visiting Hawaii or locals can go and look at the stars at night on this amazing dark site.
In the background, you see Mauna Loa, which is a 4,000-foot mountain.
It's the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere as measured from the Mauna Loa Observatory on the big island of Hawaii.
and CFCs. This is the Mauna Loa Observatory that shows CO2 rise every single year since 1958 when
In 1960, Charles Keeling did some measurements on Mauna Loa of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
So they're long, gradually sloping, and Mauna Loa is the world's largest.
And this is data taken over about the course of a decade using the Keck telescopes on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
So opposite of that volcano that I showed you, Mauna Loa, it could be another planet.
It's at 8,200 feet elevation, about 10 miles from the caldera of Mauna Loa.
So on the day before Good Friday, for instance, Maundy Thursday, everything shuts at 5 o'clock because it is a Saturday.
These are the two telescopes, opening up for another night of fabulous discoveries atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. These are the two largest optical infrared
Like, in 1935, the US Army tried to change the course of lava flows from Mauna Loa by bombing it.
It's called RESOLVE. OK, and preliminary testing has been conducted on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, one of my favorite places, in conjunction with the Pisces group there.
We have a very advanced suite of instrumentation that sits behind the telescopes that produces the data. And we have an incredible site atop Mauna
They're -- astronomers love data, so we've surveyed just about every mountaintop on earth that could be good for astronomy, and Mauna Kea has come out as number one.
fourteen and a half of the observing time. And the University of Hawaii, while not a financial partner, they provide us access to this very special site on top of Mauna
But you have to do this very fast. The characteristic time in the atmosphere is about 1000th or a 2000th of a second on Mauna Kea.
the Keck telescopes with adaptive optics on versus adaptive optics off of between 10 and 20, depending on the atmospheric conditions. Typically, on a reasonable night on Mauna