So part of their research focused on what happens inside nuclear fusion reactions. Fusion reactions release a lot of x-ray light, light that they had never been able to capture and analyze.But now, using those special multilayer mirrors, there was a chance.
So to me, does that make me less Vietnamese because that's part of my brand. Fusion happens naturally. You wouldn't have spaghetti and meatballs.You wouldn't have pizza.
traditionally been done. Most fusion efforts have used tokamaks, which are these giant donut-shaped magnetic containment chambers. Helion uses pulsed magnetoinertial fusion . David gets into the super technical physics and engineering details in this episode, which was fun and fascinating. I think it's important toremember that for all of human history, we've been limited by energy scarcity. And every major leap in civilization, agriculture, industrialization, information
questions, give feedback, and so on. And now, dear friends, here's David Kirtley. Let's start with the big picture. What is nuclear fusion , and maybe what is nuclear fission? Let's lay out the basics.- So fusion is what powers the universe. Fusion is what happens in stars and it's where the vast amount of energy
We also talk about the strong nuclear force that holds the atomic nuclei together as one of the fundamental forces involved in fusion . But that mass defect, E=MC², we know from Einstein, is also energy. And so, in that process, a tremendous amount of energy isreleased. And the actual reactions, I think, is a lot more interesting than simply it's a little bit lighter, and therefore, energy is released. But that's the fundamental
I think about and I look at that process in stars, in that our star is fundamentally an early stage star that's burning just hydrogens. But when it burns and does fusion , those hydrogens combine into heliums, and later stage stars can then burn those heliums and they can fuse those together to form even heavier elements and carbons. And those carbons can fusetogether and form heavier elements. And that whole stellar process is something that inspires us at Helion to think about what are fusion fuels, not just the
designed or used to sustain nuclear fission in a self-supporting chain reaction." And there's two big parts to that. That one, fission reaction. Obviously, fusion is not that, and we've talked about why, but also the self-sustaining part. In that a reactor is self-sustaining, you takeyour hands off of it and it keeps going. In fusion , that doesn't happen. And we know because we have to do it every day and it's really
directly as quickly as possible. And some of the other alternatives, have an intermediate step, and those again, are technical details, but let me still linger on the difference between... fusion and fission. What are some advantages at a high level of nuclear fusion as a source of energy?- fundamentally as a source of energy. In fusion , you're taking these lightweight isotopes, you're bringing them together, you're releasing energy,
what are the differences here? - Fusion power plants can't be used to make nuclear weapons. Fundamentally, the processes in fusion aren't the same processes that happen in nuclear bombs and nuclear weapons. It's actually one reason I started in fusion , and most of our team thinks about the mission of fusion , of delivering clean, safe electricity, is
- Yeah, I think people call it a nuclear fusion bomb, a hydrogen bomb, but really it's still a nuclear fission bomb. It's just that fusion is a part of the process to make it more powerful, but you still need, like you said, the uranium fuel. So it's not accurate to think of it as afusion bomb really. - And if you take away that fissile material, that nuclear fission reaction, the fusion reaction doesn't happen at all.
fusion is a part of the process to make it more powerful, but you still need, like you said, the uranium fuel. So it's not accurate to think of it as afusion bomb really. - And if you take away that fissile material, that nuclear fission reaction, the fusion reaction doesn't happen at all.In fact, researchers have over the decades tried to make an all fusion bomb and been very unsuccessful at it. The physics and the engineering don't support it can ever
world would lead to more weapons, at least the possibility of it. And so they are pushing us as fast as possible, go build fusion generators and get them deployed everywhere. Not just in the United States, but all over the world so that we're building fusion powerand that's meeting humanity's needs, not this other thing. And so I was really pleasantly surprised. We've written a number of papers and worked with those
that system, fusion just stops. But what it also means is that if something really catastrophic happened and, for whatever reason, you have all that fuel that's not in the system. And fusion is so hard to make happen. You hit it with a meteor, you do anything of that nature, and fusion doesn't happen. Thathydrogen, that heavy water, that deuterium, just goes back into the environment safely and cleanly without issue. And so that's the fundamental safety mechanism of fusion , and you can compare that
lot of variety of the regulatory language around that, but most of it is to handle special nuclear materials, uranium and plutonium. But fusion is not. Fusion is regulated under something called Part 30.And Part 30 is how hospitals are regulated, particle accelerators, other types of irradiators where as they're operating, you have very high energy particles, ionizing radiation, and you have
variety of means, physical means, those particles. You push them together. The most common is called laser inertial fusion . fusion for a pulse, for a very short period of time.
variety of means, physical means, those particles. You push them together. The most common is called laser inertial fusion . fusion . And you're doing enough fusion to overcome as fast as you're losing those particles. And so that's what happens when you put particles in a
variety of means, physical means, those particles. You push them together. The most common is called laser inertial fusion . fusion said, 'Okay, well, to solve that, why don't we take the solenoid and bend it around? Let's just make it a big donut. So as they're escaping, they go around and
variety of means, physical means, those particles. You push them together. The most common is called laser inertial fusion . fusion , right? We want to be able to control this. That's the hard part of the job. So, that's what we've spent the last number
Child support payments-- this guy, stay away from this guy. Fusion power. And we're going to create fusion on the Earth.
It gets some from-- and that isn't counted here. Fusion is a huge challenge.
So then you put the beef into the pan. Fusion is-- I mean, every dish is a fusion dish.
So then you put the beef into the pan. Fusion between Japanese and Malaysian food, yes.
And then we physicists have looked at Ram jet fusion engines. Fusion engines-- of course, we don't have them yet, but one day we will-- Ram jet fusion engines require no fueling whatsoever.They scoop up hydrogen in the forward direction like an ice cream cone, burn interstellar hydrogen in the engine,
And he looked at the coin, and looked at the man, And He said, whose image do you see on this? fusion of Nike, the witch doctor, the mobile phone, and the machete.
And I always wanted to be able to do all of it. Fusion is the process that we acknowledge as music is evolving in front of us.
And there may be many reasons. Fusion is also considered the domain of something that requires drums and bass and keyboards
And there may be many reasons. Fusion is acceptable. Fusion is the next wave.
my own life. So that's pretty much the range but, again, infused with a bit of hip-hop and a bit of a jazz and fusion kind of thing.Cool. Yeah, and I think when I first heard your album title for the first one, it actually evokes an image in my head.
Mexico, Panama, Venezuela, and Madrid Fusion . Madrid Fusion is like the Oscars of gastronomy; it's not an award, but it's where all the new trends ingastronomy worldwide are showcased. The most renowned chefs of the moment invited me to speak on this topic, and it went very well. So well, in fact, that they dedicated
And the second question, if you were to die today or tonight, what would be your last supper? Fusion cuisine, I would say, is a difficult thing to truly master and do very well in.
enough all the neutrons would have decayed away but instead the universe cooled down to the point where some of those neutrons could undergo nuclear fusion with the protons then the atomic nuclei becom stable even though theindividual neutrons are not so you turn both protons and neutrons into helium
License plate reading cameras, drones, video cameras, our software that ties it all together, and Mayor Lori described this fusion of sensors as a transformation in public safety. And if any of you live in the city, you know that it feels safe all of a sudden.
fusion , and maybe what is nuclear fission? Let's lay out the basics.- So fusion is what powers the universe. Fusion is what happens in stars and it's where the vast amount of energy that we use today here on Earth comes from the process of fusion . It also is what powers plants. And those plants become oil, and those become fossil fuels that
in the Middle East, in Russia. I mean, all across the world. And that's interesting too. So do you think actually if everybody has nuclear fusion power plants, that alleviates some of the geopolitical tension that have to do with energy, other energy sources? - I certainly do, that the fuel is in seawater all over Earth.
regulated safely. And so we spent a lot of time doing the technical case and the political case in the United States, of how to regulate fusion . And so the analysis we did is assume you have a fusion power plant that's operating. And then at any one time, a meteor strikes it. The whole thing is vaporized. What is the impact of that? So this is worse than you could ever imagine an actual physical scenario, but let's start
is really powerful because it says for the very first time-... how the US government, leading the way on this, which I'm really proud of, will regulate fusion . And this gets into a little bit of the details, but the way the Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates nuclear things in the United States is in these different sets of statutes. And nuclear is in these different sets of statutes. And nuclear reactors are regulated under something called Part 50. And there's a
variety of means, physical means, those particles. You push them together. The most common is called laser inertial fusion . - In fusion , the physics we're using is actually quite old. The fundamental electromagnetic physics is 1800s physics. The fundamental atomic physics is early 1900s. And
This fusion of old and new creates a wonderful sense of nostalgia, and adventure, and romance,
is fusion . There you go, fusion .
think fusion kind of came up in the '90s and early 2000s.
Nuclear fusion , I think, is within some single digit number of years of working.
And there may be many reasons. So fusion already took place then, already was in place.
And there may be many reasons. So fusion is not something that is like today.
And there may be many reasons. Where fusion appeared in Bollywood was way back in 1940s when music directors started using
And there may be many reasons. So fusion is good.
And there may be many reasons. of fusion music. They're creating music.
So fusion music, particularly for youngsters growing up here, should be very ideal.
Clickteam Fusion , GameMaker: Studio, GameSalad, and Stencil.
With fusion music, it was going more cerebral, but it wasn't so much affecting the heart.
Interviewer: Fusion cooking is?