If this uh knowledge work does become I guess taken by the robots and the AIs, there's some people say there's going to dislocation , if your goal is to embrace the technology, create maximum productivity,
I wrote this little book for the OUP series, "A Very Short Introduction." And since then, I've gotten very interested in the presence of stories in the current times of dislocation and migration. So there's an actual angle to this talk which follows on from the definitions and discussion in the book, but it's not quite exactly the same.
And this isn't something you'll learn on the Kiva website or in any of Kiva's literature, or whatever. Economic dislocation can be caused by aid as much as it can be relieved by it.
Those are dislocations , and they move through the lattice. As the dislocation moves, it'll cause one plane, a bubbles, to sheer past the other one, which shifts the structure by exactly one spacing. But there isn't just one dislocation .
Well, that strength comes at a cost. Gamma prime stops the dislocation so effectively that it becomes brittle.
If this uh knowledge work does become I guess taken by the robots and the AIs, there's some people say there's going to There'll be dislocation . There's going to be political unrest. What do I think?
They started out in northern China. And through wars and dislocation and whatever, they ended up moving down and down and down into the farthest part of China. Which is the South Easternmost province, Guangdong province.
You can see these little dark lines that zip back and forth. Those are dislocations , and they move through the lattice. As the dislocation moves, it'll cause one plane, a bubbles, to sheer past the other one, which shifts the structure by exactly one spacing.
Well, that strength comes at a cost. So the dislocations break free, and it finally gives out.
As the dislocation moves, it'll cause one plane, a bubbles, to sheer past the other one, which shifts the structure by exactly one spacing. But there isn't just one dislocation . There are plenty of them.
- But if you keep pushing and the stress gets high enough, dislocation can finally force its way in. The catch is that this dislocation leaves the lattice in such a high-energy mess that the only way that it can keep moving is if there's a second one right behind it that puts things back in order.
I said, oh, OK. So there's a tremendous dislocation there. So there's a chapter in the book on economics.
We've seen-- I'll just mention two other things which were surprising and striking. We all know about the dislocation of industrial workers over the past generation, as the giant factories of a bygone era have been truly bygone.
We saw opioids as a horrible scourge to the country now. We saw the effects of industrial dislocation . But we also saw a lot of surprises that we had not anticipated.
So, as we ramp up the temperature and all the atoms get more thermal energy, it no longer requires as much stress to break these bonds, becomes much easier for the dislocations to move. The metal effectively gets softer.
So in the gamma prime phase, dislocations have to travel in pairs, called super dislocations . - I need that creation of those super dislocations , and I need that very high stress to be able to shear. So that's why the strength is very high relative to other alloys.
There's like, I am not able to do it. - So now you've got these two dislocations that are on different planes, so they can't travel together anymore. And as a result, they're both now locked into place.
sense of what our social costs what are in what are the pros just the fundamentals of what are our private cost right now we have some very big gaps that are causing some dislocations in our behavior and there's some other ones listed here but those are those are good examples and I would argue that until we can create more transparency whether it's at your gas pump and at least give you the information rather we
The steel starts to deform continuously under this constant load in a process called creep. It takes energy to break the atomic bonds as the dislocation travels through the lattice. So, as we ramp up the temperature and all the atoms get more thermal energy, it no longer requires as much stress to break these bonds,
This is the gamma prime phase. And it's this difference that is crucial when a dislocation tries to glide through the lattice. In the rods, this motion is easy.
That takes energy, so the lattice resists it. So, when a dislocation moving through the rods hits a block, it gets stuck. And that's what makes this alloy so strong.
Well, I want to get into technology in a bit, but a couple more questions about this. I think that as we see the pain and dislocation and violence in Syria, where the movement started as a peaceful nonviolent movement and continued, even after some fighting began to break out,
While steel and titanium strength drops off, in the nickel super alloy, you actually get a peak. That's because the extra thermal energy lets more dislocations cross-slip and get separated. And it's that that shuts down the motion of dislocations .
That's because the extra thermal energy lets more dislocations cross-slip and get separated. And it's that that shuts down the motion of dislocations . But if gamma prime is so strong, why don't we just make the entire turbine blade out of it?
They undeniably lack a great deal of practicality. I can’t count the number of shoulder dislocations narrowly avoided while a charitable but clumsy soul, tried to take my jacket off, even though it was large. I confess that for a long time I scoffed at the occupational therapists from the Garche hospital insisting that I get a certificate of fitness
regulatory changes the political reforms they all freeze because the world enters the biggest recession since 1929 and we are still living in that dislocation because there's a lot excuse me a lot of people who got dislocated at that moment and brexit and Trump are not unrelated
And so, it's not so much the technology that is determining how it's used, whether it's just drawing networks, it's what people bring to the technology. And my own--. I have an optimistic take because if there is an upsurge in social dislocation , or social dysfunction among say, people under 30, I don't see the evidence for it. If you look at social indicators for people under 30, their all heading in the right direction.
- That's exactly what's happening here. Everywhere that stress is high enough, billions of dislocations are moving and interacting. The steel starts to deform continuously under this constant load in a process called creep.
right behind it that puts things back in order. So in the gamma prime phase, dislocations have to travel in pairs, called super dislocations . - I need that creation of those super dislocations , and I need that very high stress to be able to shear.
Well, that strength comes at a cost. Cross-slip becomes easier. The paired dislocations can now hop between the planes together, and the ordered cubes of gamma primes start to dissolve.
It begins with a long section, reporting section, reporting on the ground from Haiti in which it describes the chaos after the fall of Duvalier and the attempt to build a democracy in Haiti, an attempt that is still going on that led to all sort of dislocations , violence, political instability. That's the section that's really about the late Cold War.
And that's what makes this alloy so strong. - But if you keep pushing and the stress gets high enough, dislocation can finally force its way in. The catch is that this dislocation leaves the lattice in such a high-energy mess that the only way that it can keep moving is if there's a second one
That make sense? Yeah. TMJ disorder is some sort of dysfunction associated with it, whether it's a dislocation , a broken
Sci-fi thriller, like I said, I put these generally in the same category. I think some serious upheaval in terms of job loss, dislocation .
Well, that strength comes at a cost. So the real trick is in striking the right balance between enough gamma prime to trap the dislocations and to prevent this creep,
And it's much too intrusive to ask that. and populist and reform era, in the way that so many of the dislocations we're having now, extremes of sudden new wealth from sudden new technologies,
That whole process of creating a global economy in my opinion has been preeminent in the huge dislocations
Like, right here, you can see there's an extra half-plane of atoms. Well, in this case, bubbles, this is called an edge dislocation . It becomes really interesting when I try to pull this raft apart.
And then downstream, you might end up being very successful as a business, but you create enormous an dislocation in second-order effects by not being
And then just a few years later, of course, in 2008, we had the massive financial dislocation .
in the century before 1920. So, you have more social dislocation than before. You have a vacuum where there is not much
Well, look, if you look over the last 200 years, there've been a bunch of dislocations , but they were in, you
So that's why the strength is very high relative to other alloys. What happens is, ultimately, because you're shearing through that gamma prime with two dislocations , as the temperature continuously increases, you're adding more and more thermal energy in the material. What happens is the atoms are gonna vibrate more and more and more.
But there's clearly, when you introduce sort of a new level of speed to the market and especially if other parts aren't at that rate yet, you end with these pretty bad dislocations