you started to see shadows and lo and hold craters on Mars and not just little craters but big ones that one the biggest one in that picture is about 70Mi across and so here was a surface that
And then in the early '90s, paleontologists linked this to 110 mile crater in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. This crater was actually discovered in the '70s by oil geologists-- or geophysicists working for a Mexican oil company. But paleontologists put two and two together in the '90s.
He was part of a guided party, and the day we climbed Kilimanjaro it was snowing, and the guided parties went to the crater rim and turned back, but we didn't have a guide so we walked around the crater rim to the real summit. Anybody climbed Kilimanjaro here?
So we get to-- after that, we turn this the spacecraft off, spin it up, and pray. These craters here are actually-- the water and the CO2, as it gets heated up from the ice phase, it sublimes into the gas phase
And so we've got something that is 4 times stronger than battery acid just sitting there in a lake that happens to be in the summit crater of a 9,000 foot high volcano . So you can imagine this is an important place for scientists to study, because if there's a major eruption, that acid is going to basically pour out of the volcano
But the investments and the encouragements and the activities that we've done to those companies-- for instance, like SpaceX, Blue Origin-- that now have rockets that can get up are moved through the crater .
Lions. Who doesn't love lions? This is inside the crater , Ngorongoro Crater , and inside here somewhere is an animal.
So here's one exception, when I approached the subject. The Halemaumau crater -- this image was taken in 2001.
So here's one exception, when I approached the subject. And then in the crater , there's now a lava lake.
When they narrowed down Curiosity's landing site to one of four spots, one of the four finalists was Mawrth Vallis. They eventually chose Gale Crater , where it is now. But Mawrth Vallis was one of the things.
to melt some of these occurrences of ground ice very close to the surface. There is an impact crater on the surface of Mars that happened very recently. It was actually captured in 2008.
Because this is where these limestone sinkholes are that provide fresh water, and they actually reveal this deeper structure under Mexico, which is this giant crater . So when this story was put together in the '90s, it produced some beautiful paleo art, with T-rex's actually watching the asteroid hit,
went back to these earlier events trying to find a record of impacts at the other mass extinctions. So big enough crater to account for a mass extinction, maybe a layer of Iridium like you find in the dinosaur extinction, shock quartz, anything that would indicate there was a big impact at any of these other mass extinctions.
They know that to open the box and read the documents sooner would be to trigger a catastrophe that would wipe London's financial district off the map and leave a smoking crater in its place. Actually, it would be much worse than a smoking crater , but a smoking crater is how history would describe it once the surviving witnesses had been sent off to the madhouse.
And in 2008, shortly thereafter, myself, my colleagues, This is Amboy Crater , one of the youngest lava fields in the California desert.
They started shooting in November. So Gale Crater we know for a fact has water.
That's a marmot friend. That's Crater Lake in Oregon. That's back up in Washington.
So when you're flying by on a close approach to the earth and you're moving very fast, the antennas can track you well. They passed over this crater right after our impact.
It created a crater , 167 feet long, 26 feet wide, and 39 feet deep.
It's a crater that, uh, didn't quite erupt and then it sank back down and it was invaded by sand and wind off the central Sahara.
And this white stuff turns out to be water ice very close to the surface. And some of these craters are found here in the middle latitudes of Mars. Actually, DL2 here is the Viking 2 landing site.
Four smoking craters . Found one I couldn't kill.
some of these craters that are on the polar regions that are very susceptible to be able to trap the water ice so we
So we get to-- after that, we turn this the spacecraft off, spin it up, and pray. from underneath and blows craters out from underneath.
It's called Craters of the Moon.
and the craters on the moon.
So WAP cratered completely in terms of whether it was really being effective at getting the internet into phones.
are planted inside of craters and around the craters are little volcanic rocks, basalt rocks, that shelter the craters because it's very windy, it's very dry, and they need to
really like their own version of NASA they were putting together every aspect of a human expedition to Mars I mean the really big craters are called impact basins and this is the hellis impact Basin on Mars and I mean it looks like
a lot of cratering and what looks like vents. And so the hypothesis is since methane gets broken down in Mars' atmosphere -- remember Mars doesn't have as protective a
All right, a little bit more serious here. So this is a volcanic crater at the summit of what, to me, is one of the most interesting volcanoes on Earth. This one is called Kawah Ijen, and it's on the east end of the island of Java in Indonesia.
there are glaciers on top near the crater .
Lions. Who doesn't love lions? And they only work in the Ngorongoro crater area.
it okay thank you point to the crater
Another mission has going back to Tempel 1 since and seen the crater left in a brief flyby. It's a pretty small crater , but a lot of material was lifted up. But why would you want to do this?
And they look at volcanics and impact crater analogue research.
So when you're flying by on a close approach to the earth and you're moving very fast, the antennas can track you well. It was at the site of a crater .
So when you're flying by on a close approach to the earth and you're moving very fast, the antennas can track you well. I'll show you the crater in a moment.
So when you're flying by on a close approach to the earth and you're moving very fast, the antennas can track you well. This is actually what the crater , the crater is Sundman V and you can see the red cross right on the edge of that crater .
And you can see the crater outside the moon.
You can see here a crater from a 50 meter asteroid, the remains of which are in Northern Arizona--
middle of the little tiny crater .
Here's Vladimir looking down into the crater of Mount MenovskiMutnovski. When I think about the primitive Earth, this is my vision of it--sterile, nothing's there, very dilute
It's a bunch of craters and hillocks on Mars lit by a particular angle of the sun.
Get your pensions out before the industry craters .
and also some of the craters .
They hit the target and destroy the target crater built, crater dirt, crater
But the investments and the encouragements and the activities that we've done to those companies-- for instance, like SpaceX, Blue Origin-- that now have rockets that can get up poured over the rim and filtered into the crater , leaving deposits all over the ground, sediments.
Lions. Who doesn't love lions? This is sort of the back side of the crater , and this sort of slopes down to the Serengeti.
Lions. Who doesn't love lions? Unfortunately, in the Ngorongoro Crater area, itself-- it's not that large, it's large, but not huge-- on any given day, there can be about 300 Jeeps in the crater .