term. How many of you have heard of cranial nerves before? Have you heard of cranial nerves before? Ok, we're gonna talk, for those of you who have, we're gonna talk about the tenth cranial nerve, called the vagus nerve, because the vagus nerve is going to take and respond and traffic between sympathetic and parasympathetic actually pretty well. So, we're gonna takea look at it. Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic. Sympathetic is gonna mediate your stress responses, so it's gonna be, regulate heart, respiration, appetite, cortisol, digestion
travels from the cranium to the tail bone and back to the cranium. The cranial sutures, joints, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and blood vessels expand and contract with the rhythm of the universe. Inhalation and exhalation.
There's something called the peripheral nervous system. That's the cranial nerves that go in and control our facial muscles. Peripheral nerves that control our muscles throughout our extremities.
That make sense? Yeah. It anastomosis with other cranial nerves.
So the body comes up all sorts of channels, the first layer of this spinal cord called lamina 1. The 10th cranial nerve, all the body input comes up to the brain stem and the limbic area, and we get an emotion that way. And then it pops up into our higher areas where we have consciousness, the cortex.
That make sense? Yeah. It's an extremely special cranial nerve.
question that comes up in then anatomy studies and sort of how people interpret physical evidence in general which is cranial nerve zero is under some dispute it's one of these little tiny nerves that projects from the bottom of the brainstem forward and it's whether or not the question is whether or not it
The suggestion was that since you can demonstrate neural pathways or areas of brain that light up for courage, the theory is well maybe we can stimulate courage through trans-cranial magnetic stimulation. But the one that really stopped me was-- a couple weeks ago, this one came out.
here so the Studies have shown that African-Americans and Asian are much High have a much higher prevalence of sleep apnea compared to you know Caucasian people um certain cranial facial morphology or basically certain bone structures in your face can predispose you to sleep apnea um this is also very important is ritis or nasal
actually just breathe better period whether it's during the day during the night and if you're using CPAP and tpap why is because sleep abne is due to the cranial facial structure it's due to your Anatomy the jaw structure the
They had collected human skulls for eugenics research to basically say, look, here are African skulls, here are European skulls. Look, one has a bigger cranial capacity than the other. And what she did is she basically, by measuring the cranial capacity, filling skulls up with sand, and emptying them out, and weighing the sand, and using calculations
that tries to tell it to shut up. So, you're gonna look for some emotional regulation and to do that, to understand the neurobiology of that, I've gotta introduce to you one last term. How many of you have heard of cranial nerves before? Have you heard of cranial nerves before? Ok, we're gonna talk, for those of you who have, we're gonna talk about the tenth cranial nerve, called the vagus nerve, because the vagus nerve is going to take and respond and traffic between sympathetic and parasympathetic actually pretty well. So, we're gonna take
like this and I'll give you a reference for it. Ok, here's our tenth cranial nerve and what we're going to be looking at, whoopsie, sorry, it's this guy right here. Here we go. Alrighty. There's our reference. What unresolved marital conflict does to a child's nervous system. Alrighty. If you have unresolved marital conflict, there's a greater incidence of pediatric depression and anxiety disorders, greater prevalence
bigger and bigger brains as you moved up this scale. And even though some of the larger skulls might be down here in this scale, the cranial capacity was smaller. So effectively, those were people who were more inferior intellectually.
Look, one has a bigger cranial capacity than the other. And what she did is she basically, by measuring the cranial capacity, filling skulls up with sand, and emptying them out, and weighing the sand, and using calculations to take external measures of the skulls to basically infer two formulae that said how much cranial capacity there was
And what she did is she basically, by measuring the cranial capacity, filling skulls up with sand, and emptying them out, and weighing the sand, and using calculations to take external measures of the skulls to basically infer two formulae that said how much cranial capacity there was
We've walked upright. We've got better at running quickly and efficiently. We've had jumps. We've had increases in our cranial capacity, in our brain size, which has been linked to increases in our intelligence, and our cultural ability, and our ability to learn and solve problems.
That make sense? Yeah. So this one goes back to our reptilian brain, as do most of the cranial nerves.
So all we have are fragments of the brain case. But importantly, enough of the back and the sides to give us this cranial capacity estimate. And a number of things were important about her.
And that shows because of this extreme level of consumption, 120 kilos of meat in USA, 80 in Europe, only 3 So then they put me with an EEG, and there was something they call transmagnetic cranial stimulation that was bom, bom, bom, for five hours.
I called the South African Heritage Resource Agency, because there's actually cell phone coverage at the site, to get permission to take it out. That's what it should have looked like, because the cranial capacity of sediba is only 420 cubic centimeters.
And you note, I talk about this optimizing line. We have here the progression of humanity forward, right, along that the skulls of people and measuring how their cranial capacity contained bigger and bigger brains as you moved up this scale.
These are big superhighways of the brain that connect Wernicke's and Broca's area. This is the same virus that gives you cold sores in your mouth, except every once in awhile, instead of traveling out a cranial nerve,
So this is the human brain right here. This is the same virus that gives you cold sores in your mouth, except every once in awhile, instead of traveling out a cranial nerve,
About 80% of the record of human origins in Africa represents isolated teeth. The remaining, say, 18% of that represents little bits and pieces of post-cranial bones, of which we almost had no complete elements from the neck down. Those skulls and stuff you see on "National Geographic" and such, those are incredibly rare, numbering just a few dozen.
So that model works. If humans are hunting pack animals, and the only way of acquiring the cranial capacity and the survival demands was to run animals
And what she did is she basically, by measuring the cranial capacity, filling skulls up with sand, and emptying them out, and weighing the sand, and using calculations And craniology ended then.
And what she did is she basically, by measuring the cranial capacity, filling skulls up with sand, and emptying them out, and weighing the sand, and using calculations And at a conference in Glasgow, she brought down craniology.
And what she did is she basically, by measuring the cranial capacity, filling skulls up with sand, and emptying them out, and weighing the sand, and using calculations She verified it very thoroughly, and then what she did is she took all the anatomists who believed in the craniology theory