How to pronounce “counterfact” in English

But of course, if you contribute to the Against Malaria Foundation, you're never going to know which child's life you saved.Because it's a counterfactual.It's, well, if this child hadn't been sleeping under a bed net, he or she would have got malaria and would have died.

Now in "On War," he's very critical in parts of his book on war about intelligence.But he did like counterfactual studies, where here's a problem.

So this is what I mean by leader impact.It's the counterfactual. You take the person who did become the leader, and you compare him or her to the person who might have becomethe leader. The most plausible alternatives and the impact is the marginal difference between what did happen and

And by going to the ground, we can set up careful tests and collect data that we actually know what it is, know what it represents, measure the actual changes in people's lives,measure the counterfactual of what whould have happened by setting up randomized trials, and knowing what happened, what would have happened, and measuring the actual changein people's lives as a result of access to various services or programs or interventions." And this applies to government, NGO, as well as for-profit entities. So that's the first

does optimal policy shape it uh and of course we're interested in measurementum can we do policy counterfactuals if the US will be cut off by red earths uhhow much the US economy will go down and which sectors are going to suffer? Is this going to cause a garden variety

So being a student is-- I was on financial aid.It's always hard to do the counterfactuals, but I didn't drop out of school to go work on Facebook full time.I didn't even really have that as an option.

So one option is to say, well, interpretability, it's like porn.We can't do those counterfactual reasoning.

But Jobs realized, you know what, it's not enough to just put people in the same building, we need to force them to mix and mingle.So they're not exploring counterfactuals, what else they could be doing, they're just doing it.

Perhaps not a chasm of political daylight between the two of them. But let me present you, I hope you'llindulge indulge us if I present you with a counterfactual to help us understand where where he stands on things. IfEisenot had been prime minister in the aftermath of October the 7th, what's your sense of what might have gone

Okay, here's the growth rates over time.Again, you don't know the counterfactual.

So again, we have evidence on this.And I think it confirms what you were just saying about your own counterfactual experience is that it just reduces the uncertainty.

And, it makes the hairs go back on the back of my neck thinking about doing that.And this story that he wrote down, he sort of wrote down this counterfactual of this note that he was going to what he was goingto read if the landings failed after he left, having decided the landings were going to occur-- this sort of imagining what he would have to do.

And to be clear, what I mean by "cause" here is, first of all, statistical-- doesn't mean it always happens, but it increases the probability of that outcome,and not just a correlation, but causal in the sense of a counterfactual, like if that had not happened, the outcome would not have happened.And here we can see that two ways to get in effect, which is that there are two causes of low birthweight.

So again, we have evidence on this.Absolutely. And again, let's run the counterfactual on that.

But I think that's such a key piece of what a Tough Mudder means.Well, look, counterfactuals and hindsight are wonderful things.

Well, climate change denial is such a weird sort of counterfactual world.

the key question with every research question, which says, what is the counterfactual?

Wildly transformative, and yet growth rates still 2%.Well, the answer, if you think about it, is that what is the counterfactual? Right?I think the way technology works is that within any technology class, ideas get harder to find.

And that it, in some ways, well, in many ways, they argue, very strong counterfactual argument, the Federal Reserve could have prevented it,

So with that sort of strategy, often called earning to give, it could be possible to make a much bigger counterfactual difference and also

So one option is to say, well, interpretability, it's like porn.If the explanation I provided you is a good one, then you should be able to forward simulate what might happen with counterfactuals.

So one option is to say, well, interpretability, it's like porn.So in terms of a general form for a human evaluation of explanation, what we're proposing is being able to evaluate some sort of counterfactual.

look, just as a matter of fact, there are a lot of randomized trials done on government funding projects. So, I mean it is, just in terms of looking at the way the world doesinstitution love to see data. But if we ask, like, non-profits on the ground who are doing aid work, would they see randomized trials and sort of building counterfactuals as a

counterfactual history. What's gonna happen? Well, my view is fortunately for us, but unfortunately for dinosaurs, round about 20 million years off, the asteroid missed, the world is actuallybeginning to get surprisingly cold. We're starting the great Ice Ages, which culminated in the last three or four million years. Now, in this counterfactual world, you've got thetemperate and the Polar Regions, which are persistently cold. Now, we have good reason to think that dinosaurs are not effectively warm-blooded. We know that birds and mammals,

as what he had on this planet, but the end result will be the same. What happened when the hunting really got going, especially North America and to some extent Africa and alsoAustralia, is all the big mammals disappeared. What would have happened in that counterfactual world would have been that a Tyrannosaurus going down under a hail of arrows and spears,rather than the mastodon, for instance, in North America.