We don't get to see how galaxies evolve because they evolve on a time scale of hundreds of thousands of years to hundreds of millions or even billions of years. Cosmological dark matter simulations show large-scale structure and the properties of the lumps of dark matter that we call halos,and then we can try to put galaxies into those.
Here's the new image. The cosmological constant, which in this case, it repels.
Here's the new image. The cosmological constant can be thought of as a constant of integration.
So these monuments weren't representing the burials of the whole community. So you have a cosmological story here in waiting in Newgrange and potentially important for us going into the future.
an important role. And Einstein, of course, had a term that he eventually dismissed in his equations for the behavior of the universe. It was the cosmological constant that showed a constant acceleration term. So this has become dark energy. And it's become one of the top problems in theoretical physics today, and in high energy physics,
over thousands of years. But then you can even take a cosmological , the orbits of planets, the shapes of asteroids, these have all been survived kind of processes that have acted on them many, many times.
Because it looks pretty stable. So he developed what he called the cosmological constant. And he popped it into his formula.
And it controlled for the effects of gravity. I don't think you need your cosmological constant.
shifts and changes as the dominant cosmology and worldviews did as well so the earliest books of the Bible make cosmological assumptions that were normal for that era but highlighted this God is somehow different so Genesis for example depicts a God who is creative
You go out to big enough redshifts, you should see which of these curves the universe has been following. And that will tell you the cosmological model that applies to our universe. So redshifts are easy to measure.
And here's spectra of three supernovae that I studied in the early 1990s. There is what's called Einstein's cosmological constant, which now is just one subset of a more general class of theories called dark energy theories,
And you'll see the big thing, the key thing about this, is that the red line, which is our best theory of the entire universe, is called lambda CDM. Lambda, being Einstein's cosmological constant, essentially means the universe is accelerating, expanding. And then CDM, Cold Dark Matter.
hypothesis today and so we have to demote the Multiverse from the lofty perch that more understood or more accepted uh cosmological models hold even though it has like all this popular attention it's almost more like a scientifically informed philosophy today than a proper
Here's the new image. So the whole physical and philosophical motivation for this cosmological constant, this ugly fudge factor, disappeared.
And he said, oh, you know, six Platonic solids including the sphere, six planets-- maybe they're related somehow. And he kept embedding them in this turducken of a cosmological model to try to figure out-- he said, if you embed the one in the other, in the other, in the other, they represent, basically, distances.
energy um how much time do we have well I'm almost out of time well I'll end astrophysicist friend wants to know your thoughts about inflation the cosmological kind what caused it whether
space expanding, the detailed way in which that happened ultimately dictates how this or that string vibrates in the aftermath of that rapid cosmological explosion. Does this string theory idea tell us anything about why we're here?
and we can get to that doubling number. And again, that's the cosmological constant.
We can think, we can feel, we can react in various ways to the environment. But one of the beauties of thinking about life and consciousness within the cosmological unfolding is that we see deep continuities, right? Just as a star is a collection of particles that is fully governed by the ironclad laws of physics, we each are collections of particles
attention it's almost more like a scientifically informed philosophy today than a proper hypothesis you see what I mean uh and we also have to understand no cosmological model predicts multiple universes a universe is everything that exists so when we talk about multiple universes
like as if we know a lot about what we're talking about, but we don't necessarily. And so the paper goes on "we report measurement of the mass density and cosmological constant density omega and lambda of the universe, based on the analysis of 42 type 1a supernovae discovered by the supernova project, et cetera, et cetera.
It's a way of engaging the public, as well, in a way that's a little bit different. I work with artists and designers to build the artwork that is inspired by cosmological ideas. Here is, for example, a structure, a creation that conceptualizes redshift in a slightly different way.
as a function of red shift, differs if you have a truly expanding universe versus a universe through which objects are moving. And the data agree with the expansion of space interpretation for the cosmological red shift. Next slide, please. So from our perspective, here we are in the middle and all these other galaxies are moving away from us
going on is that these two clusters of galaxies collided in the recent cosmological past they went right
In 2016, he and his team shared the Buchalter Cosmology prize for their work on the cosmological constant.
and we can get to that doubling number. So not to get too technical, but he developed this idea of the cosmological constant, which he never liked as a concept.
of low toward high entropy. And indeed, we see that phenomenon playing out right along the cosmological timeline. But one thing that I stress within that rubric is that the increase in entropy does not
We don't yet understand whether all of them repeat, whether they're cosmological , where the nearby ones are.
And here's spectra of three supernovae that I studied in the early 1990s. It might be a property of space itself, the cosmological constant, or it could be some new kind of energy field.
bad, because Buddha is very clear that emptiness as a sort of ultimate cosmological principle or something like that is a middle way, a central way
At what point in human history could you go back and draw a line under some cosmological statement, and say, OK, that's it, they nailed it?
It induces this kind of stretching of space, it's called the cosmological constant, right?
at the significant fraction of the speed of light indefinitely, until the cosmological expansion makes it impossible to reach any further resources.
you can do. Usually it's some giant overarching, cosmological system beyond the purview of any state, whether it's sacred kings or biblical prophets, or the world religions, canon law, Sharia.
sense of what we should do while we're here and what's going to happen into the far future. And the bottom-line message, if you will, is that our footprint on the cosmological timeline is incredibly tiny when seen within the context of the totality, and how do we deal with that.
The current idea is that the dark energy is something that Einstein introduced in his equations, called the cosmological constant, which he introduced for the wrong reasons.
And Einstein, said, oh, my God, took out the cosmological constant, and said this is the biggest blunder in my life.
There are lots of other arguments, the argument from first cause, and the cosmological argument.
He's a theoretical physicist whose primary interests have been in fundamental questions of physics, especially those concerning the elementary particles, their interactions, and cosmological implications.
And you can see the same pattern of lines, but shifted over. OK, next please. We now know that this red shift, the cosmological red shift, is caused by the expansion of space itself. So it's not as though the galaxies are moving through some pre-existing space, like bullets flying around outside.
Here's the new image. Or, if the universe started in an expanding state, then you could have a negative cosmological constant.
General theory of relativity same thing. It's been verified really well but it's a theory of gravity on cosmological scales, so for large distances. There
Cass had started out with all the standard arguments for God's existence, the ones discussed in philosophy classes and textbooks: The Cosmological Argument ,