And what we learned, not recently, but a little while ago, is that Iran's Uranium Enrichment Program, their cascade, leveraged exactly 160 centrifuges . So basically, this is fingerprinting all the components, and also making sure that there are 160 frequency converters, or 155or more frequency converters, that are controlling something.
And finally-- and this is what's most interesting-- are these centrifuges . So centrifuges are big tubes, aluminum tubes, that spin at very high rates. I'll tell you a little bit later, but very high rates.
Ed Yourden: Oh, is that right? ultra centrifuges , right? But thatís another example of software having such a real concrete problem in the operation of an organization.
So it can be tough to tough to just breathe. The Russians have a centrifuge where they teach you how to breathe. Because when you're coming back, if you have what they call ballistic entry, you can get up to 9 G's, which is pretty hard to breathe.
plummeted. So Merlot is only now starting to climb its way back up. all down through centrifuges and all kinds of stuff, charcoal filtering them, maybe using other kinds of very invasive filters,
This is a lie. These are not Natanz' centrifuges . These are a Google image that I found on a Google Image Search.
These are a Google image that I found on a Google Image Search. But these are centrifuges that actually are used to enrich uranium. And they spin uranium gas.
That's pretty impressive. Now, I've only shown you, I think, six different mechanism, so let's just do number seven. If the centrifuges are air-gapped-- and frankly, you can't spread over the network to these things if there's no printer connected-- then how does Stuxnet get on that air-gapped network?
So it's monitoring and making sure further that not only is it connected to more than 155 devices, but those devices are spinning really, really fast. So as these centrifuges run, it's actually recording normal behavior that normal telemetry that's coming up, and it stores it.
be a game changer. It's centrifuges and liquid nitrogen.
Ed Yourden: Oh, is that right? There were the centrifuges which are in Iran, right?
So it's monitoring and making sure further that not only is it connected to more than 155 devices, but those devices are spinning really, really fast. and damage the base of the centrifuge .
And the idea was basically that modernist cuisine was about sort of the no holds barred approach to cooking. There are recipes that require a centrifuge , or a rotary evaporator, or all kinds of things that most people-- I have them at home, but most people don't have them at home.
Something on basics. This is about making sauces and stocks. the first version actually used a centrifuge .
Something on basics. This is about making sauces and stocks. So we weaned ourselves off the centrifuge .
I didn't wanna know, although we asked religious question, you know, do you believe in God, do you pray? This is a hand crank centrifuge , we actually brought a generator but my electrical centrifuge started burning up and so we had to crank some of the blood by hand which is, 10 minutes
Where can I get one? Nathan: You can get a centrifuge at-- Jeff: I'm still looking for one. Nathan: laboratory supply places. But they're used in every hospital for spinning blood-- Jeff: Right.
It could be a popcorn machine. It could be uranium enrichment centrifuges . OK? And in this case, that PLC is going to control this uranium enrichment.
It wouldn't be very useful. Where it can then disrupt the centrifuges -- so then it's going to disrupt the centrifuges , all while evading detection. And Stuxnet is an amazing threat, because it did all four of these things well.
I'll be happy to come. I'll bring my needles and my centrifuges and dry ice. They're like, oh, no.
And you see them in the middle here of the cleaning cycle and someone back off about 20 or 30 meters who is recording the data But it's comparable to the PCR and centrifuge , the traditional DNA sequencing approach.
So frequency converters actually change the frequency in order to run on devices at faster frequencies. And finally-- and this is what's most interesting-- are these centrifuges . So centrifuges are big tubes, aluminum tubes, that spin at very high rates.
So if it comes to a machine, if it happens to find a machine, that's not running the STEP7 software, it knows it might be on the right network, but it's certainly not on the right machine to attack centrifuges . So it will basically do nothing, and just start spreading from that machine to other machines.
This controller, it actually controls the operation of all these centrifuges . But they don't know that they're centrifuges yet. They think. They think they're centrifuge spinning systems.
No, I'm kidding. For spinning enrichment . So this is coincidentally the frequency range required to run centrifuges . So it's monitoring and making sure further that not only is it connected to more than 155 devices, but those devices are spinning really, really fast.
So it's monitoring and making sure further that not only is it connected to more than 155 devices, but those devices are spinning really, really fast. That's what's really happening with these centrifuges .
So that's the drama, the dilemma we see unfolding in Iran right now. If you have a civilian nuclear power industry with centrifuges to enrich uranium, it's relatively easy to enrich it to weapons-grade. You don't have to enrich thorium at all.
But they don't know that they're centrifuges yet. They think. They think they're centrifuge spinning systems. But right now, all they know is they got 155 different things they're connected to.
of it in it a lot in what you might call terrestrial activities and so I would go over to Russia and fly MiG's or 0g flights or do the simulations of a spacewalk in the neutral buoyancy lab take centrifuge rides that sort of thing but then finally we now do have the ability to privately go to space and you know in my mind if I had to think of you
It's buried under a mountain, goes about 80 meters deep. It's encased in concrete, it has advanced centrifuges and highly enriched uranium. The Israelis can do damage to it, but it's clear it's gonna take the United States and our military power in order to severely
OK? And in this case, that PLC is going to control this uranium enrichment. Now, that controller is not directly connected to centrifuges . What happens is that controller is connected to a set of communications processors, which are basically routers.
do you want to do that?" I'm sure that there's lots of reasons. You can take all kinds of food products and spin it in these centrifuges to achieve a clear consomme, or some other thing like that that you just couldn't get any other way. That also brings up a question. How much of this can you do at home? I say out of 1,500 recipes, at least half are easy to do in the home.
purposes this is exactly the issue with iran the plant that is under contention with iran they say is used only to enrich the fuel for their reactor those same centrifuges can be used to enrich it to high levels for for weapons grade uranium to make a nuclear weapon if suddenly you double or triple the
As you can see, we not only cut the pot in half, we cut the jars in half, too, 'cause what the hell. We have lots of photos in all kinds of ways. This is a centrifuge jar. We use a lot of interesting equipment in cooking. A centrifuge subjects the liquid to a force equivalent to about 40,000 times Earth's normal gravity.
Jeff: There it goes. So real quick, I went onto JB Prince before-- Nathan: Yup. Jeff: you came in. I was looking for a centrifuge and they don't have one on their website. Where can I get one?
And once you have enrichment technology, you can easily produce weapons-grade uranium, which is exactly what's happening right now in Iran. And up on the upper-right, we see some of the centrifuges that are used to enrich uranium. Nuclear reactors also produce plutonium.
How is he going to get this onto an air-gapped network? Because remember, that network, that network that runs those centrifuges , is totally isolated from the rest of the internet. So how is he going to get that onto network with those?
OK. So now, they have a little bit of logic running on the PLC itself. This controller, it actually controls the operation of all these centrifuges . But they don't know that they're centrifuges yet.
But those at home have managed to build their own nuclear program at home, from scratch-- centrifuges , mastering the enrichment cycle, the fuel
And even now it's probably less likely than ever that they're going to give up enrichment. Sure, they bombed Fordo, but they didn't destroy every last centrifuge in that place. And the Iranians are already announcing that they're already begun construction on another facility under a taller mountain buried even deeper.
All public. The hard part is the particle accelerator-- or sorry, the centrifuge , the centrifuge .
That's a part of microneedling where they do something called PRP, which is Platelet Rich Plasma, and they basically spin your blood in a centrifuge ,
There are certain things that are supposition. In other words, I've never been, actually, in a centrifuge enrichment facility in Iran, so I'm going to basically speculate about certain things. And there's certain things where I'm going to just make them up, and I'll tell you when that happens, so at least you'll know.
Nathan: laboratory supply places. But they're used in every hospital for spinning blood-- Jeff: Right. Nathan: including medical tests. So there's actually a, there's probably three places in the Bay area that are used centrifuge dealers-- Jeff: OK. Nathan: where you can get a used, reconditioned one. You can also buy them new.
Marissa: I was gonna say, it's amazing. Budget analyst, writing the nuclear energy budget and policy papers on nuclear centrifuge for Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.
What many athletes will do is they'll have their blood taken out; they'll have a blood draw performed; they'll put that whole blood into a special centrifuge and spin it so it
atomic weapons, for nuclear weapons, and they were worried that, that the growth of this enriched uranium, think about the centrifuges , that having a lot more centrifuges happening all over the
Stuxnet would use that to spread as well. Now, there's one supposition, hypothetical, that in fact, the two networks, the air-gapped network, where the centrifuges were running, and the research network, might have been connected by a shared printer.
So it's monitoring and making sure further that not only is it connected to more than 155 devices, but those devices are spinning really, really fast. So we think this would actually, for prolonged periods of time, would cause the centrifuges to wobble on their axes, and then basically damage the bearings
So it's monitoring and making sure further that not only is it connected to more than 155 devices, but those devices are spinning really, really fast. Well, as I told you, Stuxnet is recording telemetry as the centrifuges run, normally for 13 days, right?