battery. The Volt that GM is putting on the road right now has a battery that takes 24 kilos of lithium carbonate. So when you move from something that takes three grams to something that takes 20 kilos and up, and I'm not even talking about the Tesla's of the world that take much more; think about what kind of ramp up you need to supply the needs of the world. And we're talking millions of new batteries like this.
They'll take ions of calcium and ions of carbon out of the water column, and they'll use it to synthesize what is effectively rock-- calcium carbonate. And if you look at the bottom of this coral polyp, then the cross-section, it's all white under there. That white is rock that's made biologically by the coral.
The influence of Henry James versus the influence of H.G. Wells. calcium carbonate in it, of course, you're building with dead bodies.
where they'd make their way to the darkened foundations of Venice, which, as you probably know, are built upon woodpiles. On reaching this low energy threshold, they can then produce their carbonate and create these little synthetic shells around the woodpiles and gradually, they accrete and form a reef-like structure underneath the city. And so, the city of Venice
It’s also how filmy, white gunk ends up on your faucet in your bathroom. That’s mostly calcium carbonate! Some minerals just need a couple weeks of neglecting a bathroom cleaning schedule to form, while others take a super long time— with bonkers results.
And Cleo's going to lose her mind a little bit. But you see the carbonation sticking to the inside walls of the glass? That's probably because this is a fresh glass, and it hasn't been fully rinsed out yet.
And so you take a sip and you hold it on your tongue for about three seconds or so. And feel the carbonation. Is it like Scrubbing Bubbles, or is it a little bit more flat?
The Cucina Romana as a defined series of dishes is constantly an evolution. We didn't have carbonara in Rome in the 1940's. Now it is one of the symbols of the city, and so you have all these dishes and customs that are slowly introduced and then absorbed in them
So take a sip, just a small enough sip to float your tongue, essentially. And fell the carbonation on your tongue. Is it robust carbonation?
And fell the carbonation on your tongue. Is it robust carbonation? Is it super fizzy?
But one thing that seems pretty clear is it's going to impact anything that has to build a shell or an external skeleton out the mineral calcium carbonate. It really affects the energetics of doing that.
It was really a charming party. They just need the carbonation.
Let me throw a few examples here just to demonstrate the magnitude of the challenge that we are facing. This Blackberry that I have here has a small battery that takes about three grams of something called lithium carbonate which is an essential component in the lithium-ion battery. The Volt that GM is putting on the road right now has a battery that takes 24 kilos of lithium
If you go back farther, the 1800s, then you're dealing with difficulties. Then you're dealing with ammonium carbonate. Then you're dealing with some really hard to get recipes.
I love Italy for that reason, because I can get gelato, I can get all the amazing coffees, and they make-- the kosher carbonara in the restaurant won an award for the best carbonara in Italy, and it's kosher. OK. Yeah. Are you going to tell us the name of the restaurant?
Trash-- I'm kind of shocked, to be honest. you can either put it into making carbonated beverages, or anything that has that straight CO2 need.
And they actually become icy, some of these objects. And they have a lot of carbonaceous material. So what I'm saying here is that we've got organic matter.
And those poofballs actually are composed of previously undescribed filamentous microorganisms that produce these beautiful fin-shaped calcium carbonate crystals that you see in there. Well, we've never seen anything like that before.
So our beers are deliberately lower carbonated, for example.
But this is a separate food altogether. It is not related to gricia or carbonara or amatriciana. It was drunk food.
It had a lot of carbonates in it.
Suppose you wanted to make carbonation fuels, like gasoline.
If you're familiar with carbonara, like the sauce carbonara?
This is how we get karst landscapes: areas mostly made of carbonate rock, which dissolves when touched by weak acid.
Go and celebrate your life by drinking our carbonated sugary pop drink.
Possibly molecular fossils-- these are traces of organic materials that we know, at least on Earth, are associated with various different kinds of organisms, might be preserved in things like silicate materials or carbonates. And of course, if we find true fossils-- they're known as body fossils-- that are somehow recognizable by their structure
But remember, I have very high cholesterol, so not the best to follow my diet. There are these sort of canonical pasta dishes in Rome-- carbonara, gricia, amatriciana being sort of consolation that's related to gricia as the base.
That's traditionally the cut that's used for carbonara, is guanciale.
I mean you have matri Chana you have carbonara you have all this kind of of
water too if you're somebody who likes that carbonation there's so many options I saw them actually in the uh cafeteria
for dozens and a menu that included spaghetti carbonara and prosciutto e melone.
in the kegs and then transfer it into another keg and carbonate it put it online a pathetic business model uh as
It's a heavy glass bottle which can withstand high carbonation levels which these beers have. And we need to get these bottles from Europe,
And then cutting or cleansing is kind of when-- that's kind of displayed when carbonation, the bitterness,
So the reason why you can't chug a Coca-Cola is because the carbonation's so high.
And also, there's less carbonate available for ocean critters to build their shells and skeletons, and it makes it harder for them to stick around.
And spiraling around. These calcium carbonate spirals have been around for probably for half a billion years.
dioxide May in fact I haven't done the calculation be calcium carbonate Limestone so he wants to make building
You boil the grain to get it into water, and then the yeast is added-- the hops are added for flavor and for bittering. And then yeast comes into the play afterwards and eats the sugars and creates alcohol and carbonation, as it were. But I think, arguably, the most important ingredient to talk about is water.
All right, so right off the bat, and I'm not faulting you guys, but this is actually really kind of cool. So on this glass, you're going to see carbonation sticking to the inside. And Cleo's going to lose her mind a little bit.
That's probably because this is a fresh glass, and it hasn't been fully rinsed out yet. But if you walk into a place like a bar, and you see carbonation sticking to the inside, that typically means that there's some dust behind or some soap residue, or something that makes it a non-beer-clean glass.
So much attention. Yeah. And so one of the things, like I was talking about with-- if you see carbonation on the inside of the glass, knowing
That was so kind. I have really high cholesterol, so it's the product of eating lots of carbonara on all of your behalves. And so don't be-- note you're here on the health sense of the word.
This is used as a fat source. It's also a flavor source for our classic pastas-- amatriciana, carbonara, gricia. Although we're so close to the sea, we don't-- well, historically, we haven't eaten a lot of fresh fish in Rome.
It provides not just fat, but also flavor. If you add egg to this, the product is carbonara. If you add tomato instead, the product is amatriciana.
He opened his stall in the Testaccio market in July 2012. You have to have a pasta dish, so like cacio e pepe or carbonara at a place like Roscioli.
And maybe the coolest, the five-story GB Seeley carbonated beverage plant.
What does the straw golden yellow liquid in front of you make you think of? And if you give it a little bit of a swirl, you can see the carbonation. You can see that nice fluffy white head appear on top.
It was some sort of submerged sediment trap, in a pool of water supersaturated with calcium carbonate.
you've got talking rain or um can't remember what it's called another nice bottle of carbonated water so there's options out there if you need that