man who didn't converse much over lunch and so on. Cairncross, being the youngest, felt very remote from his father. It was almost like he was a grandfather figure.
Such was the sort of liberalism of the communist case at that time. Cairncross is probably less of a communist, actually, than Denis Healey, the later Labor minister who was in the Communist Party at Oxford. He was organizing the culture-- the discussions in the cultural section after "Guernica" and so on.
Met him in Paris, invited him to a gay bar in Paris. Cairncross was less inclined to attend. That didn't work. And so they went to James Klugmann, who was an orthodox communist, and he carried out the deed very
And so this was another factor in the debate. Cairncross was in a very lowly position, not really advancing at all in the foreign office, passing on lots of documents on German military espionage,
And so this was another factor in the debate. Cairncross wasn't given that clear immunity.
Two of his brothers became professors. Alec Cairncross, quite a well known economist, chief advisor to the government. And his next brother up, Andrew Cairncross, was an expert on Shakespeare.
James Klugmann was a great persuader of impressionable students, converting liberal-minded people to communism. But Cairncross himself was not in this category. He was already a man of the world, exactly, but certainly somebody who was well read and so on.
And when Burgess's flat was being inspected after he disappeared, 1951, these were the documents that were held in Burgess's flat, in Cairncross's handwriting. And so it's this document, these summaries of his views on appeasement that incriminated, if you like, Cairncross, and led to his resignation from the civil service in 1952.
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. balance your whole health cairn in this way.
And his next brother up, Andrew Cairncross, was an expert on Shakespeare. And John Cairncross himself, for a brief moment until the FBI caught up with him, was a professor of romance languages at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. So it was quite a highbrow family.
acting on his orders, and so on. By the time that Cairncross reached Cambridge, he'd done quite a lot before. He knew a lot more about French literature, and so on, than Blunt did, and indeed was quite a confident student.
And they were, like many others, exiled in Paris. And John Cairncross met these exiled Italians and was very moved by what they told him, which was he had to work in an organized, underground way in order to-- had to work from abroad and publish pamphlets and take part in other acts of espionage outside Italy.
than Anthony Blunt did, who was an expert on art, but he himself was still a junior research fellow. So the possibility of Cairncross being influenced by Blunt diminishes, in my view. He also, of course, wasn't impressed with-- I know Blunt's been portrayed in the recent Netflix series.
I should also say that lots of people who joined the Communist Party were not what you would call ideological communists. And I would put Cairncross in that camp. In other words, he didn't believe in Marxist view of class struggle.
Those two things are quite significant. And so Cairncross would annotate these reports coming back from Spain. And being outspoken and not given to-- not being very diplomatic, if you like,
a gentleman that's most upset Burgess in the divisions between them. This is what Cairncross says the day after, or perhaps even shortly after the meeting with Deutsche, with Otto. "I made my way home in a taxi.
He accompanied Chamberlain to all these fateful meetings. And what Cairncross picked up from Strang returning and from other people in the office and so on, he passed on. These are details about what we now know as appeasement--
And so it was a-- but it was a big issue. And for Cairncross, it was the biggest political issue. The other concern he had at the time was the support for German positions, for German politics from within the UK.
And so this was another factor in the debate. But for Cairncross, he was a mentor, a friend, an academic referee, somebody he went to with advice on literary matters and all-round support.
And so this was another factor in the debate. questions with Cairncross that really don't-- I mean, one of the problems with Cairncross is that he is-- because he's the fifth member of this ring,
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. I love cairns . And they're all over San Francisco.
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. I call it the whole health cairn .
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. She has the most balanced whole health cairn of anybody I've met.
He moved to the Spanish section in the Western department of the foreign office in 1937, which was, again, significant. And one of the interesting things about Cairncross is that he was in the Spanish section of the foreign office during the Spanish Civil War, and he was in the German section-- the Central department-- at the time of the Munich Agreement, 1938, where Chamberlain came to this deal with Hitler, and so on.
"I had long talks with Klugmann"-- this is Burgess talking about Cairncross. "I had long talks with Cairncross on French and English ideas, on French history. And so we moved onto politics.
And it was his summaries of these conversations-- Cairncross's summaries of these conversations that fell into the lap of Guy Burgess in a meeting they had-- Burgess knowing full well that Cairncross had been recruited, Cairncross unaware that Burgess was working for the Soviets-- again, naivete, really, on his part. And when Burgess's flat was being inspected after he disappeared, 1951, these were the documents that were held in Burgess's flat,
from the civil service in 1952. What I would say is that Cairncross was not an ideological communist. He was a contrarian.
And so this was another factor in the debate. The real problem began for Cairncross, in some ways, when the war was over and the Cold War began, because from his position-- and this is how it's presented
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. So each one of these stones in the whole health cairn is essential to the health of our bodies.
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. is the foundation stone of the whole health cairn .
Only Anthony Blunt, who was on a research fellowship, was there. He had no idea, Cairncross-- he was a member of a ring, and he had no idea, throughout his time, throughout the period in which was passing material to the Russians, that the others were spies.
So it was quite a highbrow family. The accounts you might have seen of John Cairncross, he appears as a sort of figure in various general accounts of the Cambridge spies.
And other family papers of-- were given to me, as well. I should say, the Cairncross family, when I describe them as highbrow, continues to be well known. His niece, Alec's daughter, Dame Frances Cairncross was, of course-- led the recent "Cairncross Review" into the future of journalism-- some of you
And the whole international situation was different. But it also is different trying to understand Cairncross, because in 1932, he was a young Glasgow University student, 19 years old, traveling for the first time outside Scotland, helped by a great capacity, facility for languages.
Some of them have since been closed to researchers, so reliant on this work. "I had long talks with Klugmann"-- this is Burgess talking about Cairncross. "I had long talks with Cairncross on French and English ideas, on French history.
And indeed, over lunches with members of the foreign office and other civil servants, people close to politics, he picked up this information. And it was his summaries of these conversations-- Cairncross's summaries of these conversations that fell into the lap of Guy Burgess in a meeting they had-- Burgess knowing full well that Cairncross had been recruited, Cairncross unaware that Burgess was working for the Soviets-- again, naivete, really, on his part.
And so this was another factor in the debate. And for that reason, Cairncross has been described as one of the early atom spies.
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. So what I realized is that every stone in this whole health cairn can either trigger stress responses or it can trigger relaxation responses.
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. So my mom and I walked through all of these stones in her whole health cairn .
It's obviously a theme here. So want to ask why, but-- John Cairncross, quite a different spy from the one that Owen Matthews was describing, I think, a short while ago.
I'm sure some of you have read accounts of the other four, perhaps also seen fictionalized portraits of the other four. You might have seen "The Imitation Game," which also has a portrait of John Cairncross, which I'll talk about a bit later. I say he's an unlikely spy.
Alec Cairncross, quite a well known economist, chief advisor to the government. And his next brother up, Andrew Cairncross, was an expert on Shakespeare. And John Cairncross himself, for a brief moment until the FBI caught up with him, was a professor of romance languages at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
Nobody knew of his spying, not even his closest relatives and family. When his brother was told about his espionage in 1964-- he was then Alec Cairncross, chief economic advisor to the government-- it was the greatest shock of his life. So again, the question of leading different lives, leading a secret life, was also something he did share
And so this was another factor in the debate. Graham Greene turned out to be, for Cairncross, probably his greatest ever friendship.
And so this was another factor in the debate. Again, didn't really apply to Cairncross.
In another, a perfectly round skull. My selfish pleasure dissolved; and feeling numb, mute, and heavy with sadness, I watched the bodies dissolve. I looked at the five, distinct cairns . Not four, not six, but five. How odd that just five of the Japanese were found, and here I was, witnessing the one-and-only cremation at K2 Base Camp in history. Here they were burning before my very eyes,
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. So I came up with a new wellness model that I teach in "Mind Over Medicine." It's based on something called a cairn .
So we know that we all make cancer cells every day. intake form that are really intended to help people identify what might be out of balance in my whole health cairn .
from in awe of his father. None of these really apply-- or I would say they apply in a very different way to John Cairncross. Some not at all, others only marginally.
Other reasons for espionage more broadly, besides it is blackmail on grounds of sexuality, financial motivations, and so on. Again, these don't really fit into the character of John Cairncross. I'll tell you a bit more about him because I know that his story is not widely known, and then hopefully you'll go on and read the book