I'm going to quote something from your book. "Bounded ethicality is the psychology of good-ish people. Good-ish people are sometimes good and sometimes not, sometimes intentionally and sometimes not, like all of us.
Khaled Abou Al-Fadl, great Muslim theologian, Usma was talking about earlier actually, you know, he writes a beautiful essay on this called, "The Place of Tolerance in Islam." bounded in other verses which are considered eternal, etc., but then at the end of the essay, he says something that so powerful to me.
to do that and so during that year of 2006 a lot of the Iraqis in different groups particularly in Baghdad had bounded together in these groups called um uh Village defense shures like Comm defense committees or Local Districtdefense organizations and they barricaded their areas and they had like local guards trying to protect them what we tended to do is when we went in there
shot the robots with lasers and then you were freed to go on with your life. Um I I point out here that the two men uh who bounded out, were men. They were living actual human men, not animatronic creations. I guess you would call themactors. And they would come out and they would rescue humans dozens of times a
In a city of 8 million and a subway system of 425 miles of track, electrified by adrenalin at levels never before experienced, I bounded back up those 112 stairs in the slim hope the train might still be in the station. 242nd Street was, after all, the last stop, so it would sit there for a few minutes before taking on passengers for the long trip back south.
There's a conscious system which he called the high road which uh he studied decision-m and found out that we are at best boundedly rational and there's the low road which is unconscious and phoggenetically much older. Um and interestingly is much better at complex
GPY, Andrew Granville, Kannan Soundararajan, all gathered for a week in California with one explicit goal, to prove a bounded gap between primes. - I was a young graduate student, I was very lucky to get to go to this meeting.
Now, if you keep moving the stencil across the number line and it keeps catching two primes, then you have proven that infinitely often pairs of primes exist within a bounded gap. Six in this case, since that's the diameter of our stencil.
it is that this position contains primes. - After realizing a bounded gap was not an impossible dream, people reworked Zhang's method to optimize it.
it is that this position contains primes. But the bounded gaps you could do, just going up to, you know, 0.01, not 0.50101.
But this has helped a little bit simply because you're living in a land of software, which means that everything in that world is going to be bounded by the restraints of software. And really, everything is governed by some amount of math.
Good-ish people are sometimes good and sometimes not, sometimes intentionally and sometimes not, like all of us. This model of bounded ethicality challenges ways of thinking and talking, in which you are either a good person or not, a racist or not, an unethical human or not.
And as a result, my desire to be a good person is going to hold me back from being a better person. Our research on bounded ethicality-- and when I say our research, I mean our field, like psychologists for the last 40 years-- have shown in so many different ways that we do have blind spots, that we do have lapses, that we do make mistakes.
schedules are in different neighborhoods, even garbage pickup schedules in various neighborhoods. is a bounded experience.
We can move into China. But a bounded economy, you would start to think more in terms of, how can I get the same money moving around?
by minus 1. And he said about behavioral economics, "the division of labor strongly attenuates, if not eliminates, any effects caused by bounded rationality. It doesn't matter if 90% of the people can't do the complex analysis required to calculate probabilities.
And you're right that-- the reason why economics got more and more rational is because of the bounded rationality of economists. So the easiest models to write down are of people optimizing.
exclamation points. Everything about him was accelerated, his eating, his thinking, his climbing, his praying. Men like Chhiring bounded up to newcomers with the enthusiasm of a Labrador, no matter the setting.
So I think the key in knowing what to do with the candidates who look slightly interesting is to figure out where is their greatest potential and is that in a bounded or unbounded area. Sports is a good way to go for this because there you have very obvious physical parameters.
- Well, because we think that the bound between two consecutive primes infinitely often is two, and right now we're showing that it's log X, and X grows. - If they could get to bounded gaps, then they had another method to attack the conjecture. The only problem was that it seemed like their tool ran into a wall.
it is that this position contains primes. - He can get three primes in a bounded window.
And that's really what's going on here. But if the speedrunners aren't bounded by the rules set by the developers, what are they bounded by? And this is where we go into a lot of other topics dealing with how speedruns should be organized.
And you have this kind of constantly going out and coming back. And the autonomy is actually pretty well bounded in time. And there's always, again, this kind of wrapper of, go out, do this, come back.
But the point is you can't see everything. The universe you can see is bounded by the fact that light has only had 14 billion years to reach you. And so beyond that the universe for you is dark.
Is that material tracked or bounded ?
And there's smallpox and made the internet and bounded off the planet and so on.
And what you call autonomy is really fairly well bounded between these episodes of human intervention.
It's really-- autonomy is something that's bounded , and it lives in the time domain as a function of bandwidth and human context and the nature of the task at any given point.
- And so that was like a big thing. - What was the big desire to go from 0% or arbitrarily small to a concrete bounded gap? - Well, because we think that the bound between two consecutive primes infinitely often is two, and right now we're showing that it's log X, and X grows.
We can move into China. That's the way money works if you think of it as bounded .
in this example the original objective function looked pretty task-like uh it was bounded there was no way to get more
there would clearly be uh an incentive to overfill the cauldron it was it was bounded uh and it was very simple you
and "Oh, I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams."
very clearly, where residential living is still bounded in those villages by caste.
of sort of tight-knit, bounded social relationships where they live in small communities that everybody knows your business and everybody knows everybody else's business and everybody
uh because although there are choices they're not infinite they're bounded um and by the way it's not just the
very much about the conversation it's very much about collaboration and it's bounded so it's not just you know
But then in 2005, Goldston, Pintz and Yildirim, proved a result that shocked the mathematical community. - And they announced the proof of a spectacular result, 0% bounded gaps of 0% of the average. - Wait, what? - They proved that you can make the fraction as small as you want.
and Goldston and Yildirim, came up with a method to attack that. - But the method also came close to something even bigger, an absolute bounded gap between two primes. - And so that was like a big thing.
But to understand what he was working on, we need to understand what exactly it is that GPY had built. See, they wanted to find two primes within a bounded gap. And to do this, they imagined a stencil of sorts with some holes in it.
So, if you can prove that the average gap is above one for any large number X, then with this clever setup, it immediately extends all the way out to infinity, and you would've proven your bounded gap. - Unfortunately, running the machine with just the current inputs, the stencil visits many positions where it catches zero primes, this drags the average down
it is that this position contains primes. Then instead of just getting 0% of the average gap, they can get bounded gaps.
it is that this position contains primes. And by proving two of those slots always catch primes, he proved a bounded gap of 70 million.
it is that this position contains primes. I think the cover of like Scientific American or whatever in 2013 is the story Yitang Zhang and how he got this bounded gap
Hopefully, we can all be there. But I thought we had to start there, and that is with the concept of bounded ethicality. I'm going to quote something from your book.
We argue that this binary notion is seductive, but misleading and scientifically inaccurate." So this seems obvious when it's spelled out this way, at least to me. But what does it mean to internalize bounded ethicality for ourselves, and why is it so hard to do so? Thank you so much.
In every one of those examples, the question is, for me, are we just going to deny that, or are we going to grow from it? And so what I'm proposing is, given that the research on bounded ethicality is clear, let's break out of that corner, that super tight, either/or-- either I'm a good person or I'm not corner-- and give ourselves room to grow.
They're tame and wicked problems. And tame problems are well-bounded , understandable. They may be hard. Like cold fusion is a tame problem. It's a
What I did in this book, I tried to keep things bounded 20 years at the outermost limit.
Again what that means is, the autonomy that we find in systems tends to be bounded in the time domain.