Now, often, this area is in a battle against the mammal brain area called amygdala. Amygdala is constantly screening the environment for potential dangers. And if it detects anything that could be threatening for your survival, either physically, or in the imaginary sense, so for example,
But equally, when you look at bank accounts, if you see the amount of savings depleting, it creates similar emotions as well. Amygdala also keeps track of all, what we call, emotional trauma, everything what caused you pain in the past. And it becomes more and more sensitive to those triggers in the future.
So that's called amygdala sensitization. Amygdala absolutely hates uncertainty. It loves safety and familiarity.
We are not capable in making compromises. Amygdala dominant thinking distorts the reality because amygdala's job is to point out anything that can cause you harm. So it kind of equates biased attention to negativity, and anything which could be bad out creates the kind of ruminating negative mind chatter.
I have a few-- DR. GABIJA TOLEIKYTE: I was afraid it wasn't really quite working. Amygdala's rumination is like a toddler screaming.
We look at volunteer activities, frequency of contact with family, frequency of contact with neighbors. Amygdala, volume doubles involved in the motion generation and emotional memory.
We see some circumstance or some person. Amygdala hijacking puts us back into fight, flight, or freeze, sort of more basic, instinctive reactions.
i.e, every single parameter or neuron is activated as you're going through the model for every single token you generate. My amygdala is when I'm scared.
And the reason we use fear faces often is because for the human, when we look at somebody else's fearful face, it's a really effective way in activating our amygdala response. And so this type of stimuli can help us produce, in essence, a growth chart across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood of what the amygdala is responding to.
And the reason we would learn that is because we have an amygdala that's reactive. The amygdala is responsible for learning to avoid that peppermint odor. And so that's how she tests this.
In adolescents, we didn't see that affect. Adolescents' amygdala was reacting no matter who they were looking at. And that's not to say that parents aren't important during adolescence, they absolutely are.
So we just cannot even help it. Our amygdala just lights up, and it's just, like, a 0.0001 second reaction. And so, for us to actually not have that, which is, again, totally out of our control, it's only therapeutic exposure that we realized, oh, actually, they look different,
And how the amygdala is structured. The amygdala is this emotional center of the brain up here that processes all these sensory inputs. And if it senses any sort of things that it perceives as a threat, it can cause all these things to happen in your body--
Yet in those people who were sleep deprived, we saw this amplified, almost aggravated degree of reactivity. The amygdala was actually 60% more responsive under conditions of a lack of sleep. And it's almost as though, without sleep, we become all sort of emotional gas pedal and too little sort of regulatory-control brake.
Hold it for a count of four. the amygdala takes over.
Hold it for a count of four. The amygdala is fully developed at birth.
I know that I have forced all of you to go back in time to ages when there was no electricity. Your amygdala, the fight-or-flight response part of your brain is triggered in these moments.
I have a whole thing that these days we're always stressed because, A, we're being bombarded by bad news day and night. The amygdala can't if there's something dangerous behind it or something is happening 20,000 miles away. It can't tell the difference.
And they're very, very different experiences. The amygdala hijacks. Yep, hijacks the whole nervous system.
Another place the thalamus sends information is to the amygdala. The amygdala is involved in processing a lot of different emotions, but its basic job is to say, OK, so what? There's something in front of me.
need an amygdala to feel fear. The amygdala is involved in processing lots of different emotions, but the other emotions can go on one of those back alleys. They can take one of those detours in the brain and still get processed in other ways.
We see some circumstance or some person. The amygdala sends a signal to the hippocampus and says, what is this?
We see some circumstance or some person. The amygdala takes over the system.
He'll take a deep breath and go, how is that even possible? The amygdala in a man is wired up to go right to the part of the brain-- fight or flight is the amygdala-- into solving the problem.
So if you're way up here, it means you're having what's called an amygdala hijack. The amygdala is the part of the emotional brain which is the radar for threat. Our amygdalas right now are answering the question amygdalas have asked all through evolution.
The amygdala is the part of the emotional brain which is the radar for threat. Our amygdalas right now are answering the question amygdalas have asked all through evolution. And it is, am I safe?
The payoff finding comes 14 years later, when they're tracked down and the two groups are compared, the ones who grabbed and the ones who waited. The amygdala doesn't care.
Their amygdala is firing.
Their amygdalas under-perform. And my amygdala was, like, over-performing.
The amygdala, it has to do with emotion.
The amygdala likes that.
So we have amygdala in each side of our brain.
And the more the amygdala response went down, the more lying went up on the next attempt that they had the opportunity to lie.
And it becomes more and more sensitive to those triggers in the future. So that's called amygdala sensitization. Amygdala absolutely hates uncertainty.
to go back online. Now when amygdala is raging and suppressing prefrontal cortex, it doesn't even need to suppress it to such extreme extent. If we constantly feel low levels of anxiety or stress, it can actually somewhat compromise functioning
Certain foods, carbs, soothe amygdala, and that's why, often, people develop the habits of emotional eating as it soothes the amygdala. Physical contact, such as stroking your pet, cuddling your child or your partner, and caring behaviors not only being helped by others
I have a few-- DR. GABIJA TOLEIKYTE: I was afraid it wasn't really quite working. Because if amygdala gets carried away, it creates rumination, which is really-- we can't just-- it's imaginable.
I have a few-- DR. GABIJA TOLEIKYTE: I was afraid it wasn't really quite working. We need to desensitize amygdala as well.
And for today's talk, I'm going to be focusing on two regions in particular. The first is the amygdala. This deep set of nuclei in the brain that help us with emotional attention as well as learning about the relative safety
to fear faces. And that's what I'm showing you here in this blue blob. This is the amygdala, and the blue represents that age-related change. Now that's a little bit hard to look at that like that, so I'll pull out these data and plot them here.
and danger of the environment. So you want the amygdala kind of chugging along at an early age. Now we can ask questions about the prefrontal cortex.
So if the parent is present in the nest with the rat pup, the parent actually decreases amygdala reactivity. It's buffering amygdala reactivity in the rat pup. And if the mother-- if the parent is out of the nest, that same rat pup's amygdala will increase.
So this is consistent at least with the rodent data, showing that parents are effective in buffering overactivity of the amygdala in their children. In adolescents, we didn't see that affect.
And so the amygdala, when it is hijacked, that means when you are scared to death.
That's that amygdala. That's that part of your brain that's very old, that even if you're an adult, and you take care of yourself, and you pay your own bills,
to the amygdala will be stronger.
You're getting the amygdala, hypothalamus, and so forth, the emotional areas of the brain.
That's the amygdala, the lizard brain.
in the amygdala. That's why you can dodge a basketball, get out of the way, and then you go, what was that?
And my amygdala had learned that and didn't talk to my cortex about it, but it wasn't going to happen again.