And you can see the entirety of the reservation is under tribal ownership. Allotment process came in late 1900s.And in fact, in 1908 and '09, I think, was completed.
So what they did was they passed the Dawes General Allotment Act. And the Dawes General Allotment Act said the reservations would be allotted to individual Indian people in 80, 160, or 320-acre allotments . And on those allotments , Indian people would learn to be farmers or ranchers.
38 million went to what's called ceded to the federal government. Once they did the allotment process at each reservation, if there was land that had not been allotted-- so they did an allotment to every head of the family, and if there was land left over, they declared it in excess of Indian needs,
Once they did the allotment process at each reservation, if there was land that had not been allotted-- so they did an allotment to every head of the family, and if there was land left over, they declared it in excess of Indian needs, and the federal government took it.
I mean, this was an attempt. The Dawes Allotment and all the allotment processes were arranged so that eventually, the tribe no longer exists. And that was the intent of the whole direction of the country at that time.
And Teddy Roosevelt was a big believer. So what did the allotment process look like in practice? This is the Salish-Kootenai reservation, a Flathead Reservation in Northwest Montana.
And their first efforts at this were not very good, but they looked kind of this. - Going back to the Allotment Act, my great grandparents might have picked up a 160-acre allotment or 640 acres. When they passed on, and let's say they had four children, those land interests were divided by four.
He was left here with nowhere to go, no one to stay with. to spend your clothing allotment on gender-appropriate items of clothing.
And the Dawes General Allotment Act said the reservations would be allotted to individual Indian people in 80, 160, or 320-acre allotments . And on those allotments , Indian people would learn to be farmers or ranchers. And all the tribal lands would basically be extinguished at that point.
the west boundary, and down toward the bottom is essentially the valley outlet toward Missoula, Montana. Those were the allotments . They were selected by the families themselves.
But what we've demonstrated to them is that, in fact, you can do this, and the tribes will repay the loans. And the allotments were just simple red dots on there.
OK. So why am I stressing this? Because on allotments , as I already mentioned in relation to Northern Ireland, people meet as strangers, and they can remain so.
OK. So why am I stressing this? And I've used allotments as an example of that, and the allotments that we've looked at in Dublin definitely have lots of eviden-- one of the things
OK. So why am I stressing this? that people described the allotments as is social levelers.
and we lived in area U. And so you can imagine the allotment of food that came started with area A and the people that live in area A. So by the time you get to like U, there's a good chance there's no food.
He was left here with nowhere to go, no one to stay with. but it was some monthly clothing allotment so we can go out and buy clothing for ourselves to wear.
Because even during the Second World War, there was an enormous amount of ingenuity and problem solving during the scarcity of the Second World War, and most people had an allotment in the back garden, and they grew stuff themselves. They grew vegetables and food to feed themselves.
You don't have a lot of piece of the pie, but you still have an interest. We have people-- we have allotments with more than 5,000 owners on 80 acres. Now there aren't very many of you in the audience today, but can you imagine just taking this audience and sitting down and saying, what
removal right where you move people off of their lands. You create what we call the lot meant right on allotment process. The Dawes Act of 18 87 which basically said who was and who was an Indian. So we created tribal roles where some people got to be Indian. Some people didn't if you
in the European mode. So what they did was they passed the Dawes General Allotment Act. And the Dawes General Allotment Act said the reservations would be allotted to individual Indian people in 80, 160,
And eventually, you know, all of the land will somehow, in essence, end the holding of the tribe. And so Teddy Roosevelt in 1901 declared "The General Allotment Act a mighty pulverizing engine to break up the tribal mass." I mean, this was an attempt.
and have been fought tooth and nail, even though it's their land and their buffalo. This is a more egregious example of what happened under the Allotment Act. This is the Leech Lake Reservation in North Central Minnesota.
So in terms of growing, I've tried and failed miserably. I even signed up and paid for an allotment that is just now flowers because I have no clue. Do you have any tips for us Londoners living in the typical, non-outer-space London apartment?
OK. So why am I stressing this? So the whole focus of coming into an allotment site, and taking out your tools, and doing your bit of gardening, and opening your flask, having a cup of tea,
So it turned out the solution-- and this was done in some experiments collaboratively between the scientists and the farmers-- was to set up a bee hives around the allotments . And the bee hives are connected with a wire.
OK. So why am I stressing this? The last example I talked about were the allotments and the urban agriculture.
The medieval times, they'd throw pilgrim badges in when they came back from pilgrimages as a thanks for safe return. People were going down to the foreshore and digging it over like an allotment .
By 1934, when the Indian Organization Act passed to put an end to the allotment process, it was recognized by a 1928 Meriam Report to Congress that said the Allotment Act is an abysmal failure. It's created poverty. And Indian people have not become farmers and ranchers in the mode that they anticipated.
It's created poverty. And Indian people have not become farmers and ranchers in the mode that they anticipated. And so at that point, they stopped the allotment process. And basically, we had 48 million acres of land left inside reservation boundaries.
In order to pay off their bill, they'd end up selling their land interest to the store. The other way-- a couple of other ways that land was lost is the Dawes Allotment Act had a blanket declaration of all Indian people and tribes as incompetent to handle their own affairs.
No. There's perhaps not that many hipsters in London that have even got access to an allotment to be able to grow. And I did try when I was living down in Angel to get an allotment for myself, and there was something like a nine-year waiting list. So all of these skills are just dissolving away.
But what we've demonstrated to them is that, in fact, you can do this, and the tribes will repay the loans. So we're trying to bring families who are co-owners on allotments together to manage their property collectively.
Other than that, it was to be entirely reserved for Indian people and their use. By 1934, when the Indian Organization Act passed to put an end to the allotment process, it was recognized by a 1928 Meriam Report to Congress that said the Allotment Act is an abysmal failure.
If you ask some folks, they think that it's part of the treaty that we have allotments . You know, they think it's a treaty right to have that allotment , and it's not that at all. We get folks to understand that one of the big pieces, because of that fractionated ownership that I described to you, we've been writing wills for Indian people since 2003.
We're part of it. I mean, obviously, if you can find an allotment in London and get a bit busy, people get really excited about that. And once you start doing a bit of that, from the people I talk to, people tend not to backslide.
In my childhood bedroom, I had one meager bookshelf whose lower rung primarily accommodated back issues of 'Young Miss' and 'Seventeen' magazine. With my $0.10 second grader's allowance-- that was cheap even then-- ratcheted up over the years into a weekly allotment never to exceed $5, I didn't have much money for books. If I asked my mother for a book, her standard response was, get it from the library.
And in the midst of the obesity epidemic, Hardee's had the temerity to offer us the Thickburger over there at 1420 calories. And of course, we have Carl's Junior's six dollar burger at 2000 calories. That's the entire caloric allotment for the day. So you'd say, "Well, there you go. There's your obesity epidemic right there." Not so fast. How about this? Anybody had a Trenta? I got one over here. OK?
in the repertory for a long time? Adrian Danchig-Waring: There are ballet masters on staff who are each responsible for a given allotment of works. So you go into the studio and whoever's in charge of X Balanchine ballet knows it, like, intrinsically, like knows every role for every person in
As I said before, there was no real process for inheritance, and they had to develop one. And so they developed that piece where it said, we're going to hold those allotments intact, and the title will divide among the heirs. And their first efforts at this were not very good, but they looked kind of this.
OK. So why am I stressing this? Now I was particularly interested in this because we did a little bit of research which looked at urban allotments in Dublin and also in Belfast.
My family's on the rolls in the United States. But most of our lineage comes from our Canadian bands, which happen to be south of the border when the Allotment Era happened, which is what created the rolls that were on and enrolled us in tribes.
So I just think it just really-- that question just depends on how you look through it. But the way I go through my day, each and every day, is an over-allotment of happiness, I feel, is-- there's no way that's going to be a negative thing for people.
But what we've demonstrated to them is that, in fact, you can do this, and the tribes will repay the loans. - This land today where I am, this 320 acres, my grandma's original allotment , it means the world to me to be here,
You've placed the patio where it wants to go. If a community-- and I just say a group of people who live in a housing estate-- decided to create a small community garden or allotment ,
So if any of you've heard of the game, basically it's a web game wherein you're given a certain allotment of money.
He was left here with nowhere to go, no one to stay with. I mean, they would-- OK, so they provide each child a clothing allotment of--
How many of us do that today? No. There's perhaps not that many hipsters in London that have even got access to an allotment to be able to grow. And I did try when I was living down in Angel to get an allotment for myself, and there was something like a nine-year waiting list.
four calories per gram. So that's 400 calories in fructose. Multiply that by two for sugar, so that's 800 calories in sugar a day. That's 40% of their allotment in just sugar. So the question is, what does that do to you? You think you can handle that? As Jack Nicholson said, "You can't handle the truth." OK.
And it's often been the Community Challenge Grant Program in San Francisco which is, it's funded by the voluntary one percent allotment of your business taxes towards city beautification.
how did we get in this situation? If you ask some folks, they think that it's part of the treaty that we have allotments . You know, they think it's a treaty right to have that allotment , and it's not that at all.